Keeb Kwm ntawm Carrots: Keeb Kwm thiab Kev Tshaj Tawm Ntiaj Teb|XMSD

Nov 12, 2018

Cov txiv kab ntxwv paub cov zaub ntug hauv paus yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau pua xyoo ntawm kev cog qoob loo thiab xaiv, tsis yog thawj daim ntawv ntawm cov qoob loo. Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm yav dhau los thiab cov kev tshawb fawb txog noob caj noob ces niaj hnub no tso cov zaub ntug hauv paus hauv thaj av dav uas txuas los ntawm sab hnub poob Asia mus rau hauv nruab nrab Asia thaum lub sijhawm Nrab Hnub nyoog. Ntshav thiab daj cultivated carrots tau tshwm sim ua ntej hom txiv kab ntxwv, ces tsiv mus rau sab hnub poob mus rau Mediterranean thiab Europe thiab sab hnub tuaj mus rau Tuam Tshoj thiab Nyiv.

Cov lus teb luv luv:Carrots yog tej zaum domesticated nyob rau hauv lub thib rau thiab kaum centuries nyob rau sab hnub poob - mus rau -central Asia. Cov hauv paus qoob loo thaum ntxov feem ntau yog ntshav lossis daj. Txiv kab ntxwv, siab -carotenoid carrots raug xaiv tom qab, tej zaum nyob rau sab hnub poob Europe thaum lub sij hawm Renaissance, ua ntej dhau los ua hom lag luam thoob ntiaj teb.

Modern orange carrots collected in a produce crate

Qhov twg Carrots Originate?

Tsis muaj ib qho kev tiv thaiv ib zaug -lub nroog keeb kwm. A2023 cov pej xeem-kev tshawb nrhiav genomics ntawm 630 carrot accessionsxaus lus tias domestication tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Nrab Hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam uas spans Western thiab Central Asia. Nws cov kev txheeb xyuas pej xeem tau tso cov txheej txheem dav dav ntawm lub xyoo pua thib rau thiab thib kaum. Ibkev tshawb nrhiav caj ces ua ntejIb yam li ntawd pom tias cov carrots qus los ntawm Central Asia yog cov pab pawg ze tshaj plaws rau kev cog qoob loo hauv nws cov qauv.

Cov ntsiab lus qub feem ntau hu ua Afghanistan, qee zaum ua ke nrog qaum teb Iran thiab Pakistan. Qhov ntawd yog cov lus piav qhia tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm ntau haiv neeg, tab sis cov pov thawj tam sim no txhawb nqa lub hauv paus hauv cheeb tsam es tsis yog txoj kev yooj yim pib hauv ib lub teb chaws niaj hnub no. Yog li ntawd, lo lus nyab xeeb tshaj plaws yog li ntawdsab hnub poob - mus rau - nruab nrab Asia, nrog Afghanistan thiab thaj chaw ib puag ncig hauv nruab nrab ntawm zaj dab neeg.

Plain frozen orange carrot rounds showing a modern cultivated color

Lub sij hawm zoo dua ntawm Carrot Keeb Kwm

Carrot keeb kwm muab cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg, muaj sia nyob ntau haiv neeg, cov nroj tsuag morphology, thiab cov noob caj noob ces. Cov hnub los ntawm ntau qhov chaw tsis tas yuav xa mus rau tib qhov xwm txheej: thawj qhov kev cog qoob loo, thawj cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg, tuaj txog hauv ib cheeb tsam, thiab tom qab kev lag luam dominance yog qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv.

Lub sijhawm kwv yees	Dab tsi hloov	Cov pov thawj txwv
6-10 centuries	Domestication nyob rau sab hnub poob - mus rau -central Asia; Eastern cultivated pejxeem nthuav dav.	Cov txheej txheem hauv cheeb tsam thiab maj mam, tsis yog qhov kev tshwm sim hnub tim.
Txog 900-1000	Ntshav thiab daj cultivated carrots tau kis mus rau sab hnub tuaj Mediterranean.	Raws li qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho keeb kwm.
13-14 centuries	Cultivated ntshav thiab daj carrots tau sau tseg nyob rau sab hnub poob Europe thiab Tuam Tshoj.	Cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg tuaj yeem tshaj tawm thawj qhov kev cog qoob loo hauv zos.
Lub sijhawm Renaissance	Siab -carotenoid txiv kab ntxwv carrots raug xaiv, tej zaum nyob rau sab hnub poob Europe.	Cov noob caj noob ces txheeb xyuas keeb kwm kev xaiv kom meej meej dua li ib tus neeg yug tsiaj los yog xyoo.
Los ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th	Eastern - hom carrots tau mus txog Nyiv ntawm Tuam Tshoj.	Tom qab western txiv kab ntxwv hom kuj nkag mus rau Japanese cultivation.

Crinkle-cut frozen orange carrot slices representing a modern market form

Puas yog Thawj Cultivated Carrots Txiv Kab Ntxwv?

Tsis yog. Qhov ntxov tshaj plaws cov ntaub ntawv cog qoob loo carrots yog ntshav thiab daj. Dawb, liab, thiab lwm yam xim keeb kwm kuj tau los ua ib feem ntawm lub regional carrot ntau haiv neeg. Cov txiv kab ntxwv carrot sawv tom qab los ntawm kev xaiv rau cov xim txuam, hauv paus zoo, thiab kev ua haujlwm agronomic.

Txoj kev tshawb nrhiav genomics xyoo 2023 tau txheeb xyuas peb cov noob caj ces cuam tshuam nrog cov alpha siab - thiab beta -carotene txiv kab ntxwv phenotype. Cov kws sau ntawv tau xaus lus tias cov txiv kab ntxwv carrots tau xaiv nyob rau sab hnub poob Europe thaum lub sijhawm Renaissance. Qhov kev tshawb nrhiav no txhawb nqa keeb kwm xaiv European tiag tiag, tab sis nws tsis ua pov thawj zaj dab neeg nrov uas cov neeg cog qoob loo Dutch tsim cov txiv kab ntxwv carrots nkaus xwb kom hwm lub Tsev ntawm Txiv kab ntxwv.

Xim tsis yog daim ntawv sau keeb kwm yooj yim:ntshav, daj, liab, dawb, thiab txiv kab ntxwv carrots sawv cev txawv xim profiles thiab keeb kwm yug me nyuam. Lub hauv paus xim tuaj yeem hais qhia ib pawg cultivar, tab sis xim ib leeg tsis tuaj yeem tsim raws nraim qhov twg lossis thaum twg tus neeg muaj ntau yam keeb kwm.

Uniform diced orange carrots showing a contemporary processing format

Yuav ua li cas Carrots mus txog Tuam Tshoj thiab Nyiv

Cultivated carrots tsiv ob sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub tuaj los ntawm lawv thaj av Esxias domestication. CovUSDA Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb Kev Tshawb Fawb keeb kwm yav dhau losQhov chaw ntshav thiab daj carrots hauv Suav teb los ntawm 1300s. Qhov tseeb thawj zaug tuaj txog yuav tau ntxov dua li cov ntaub ntawv tseem muaj sia nyob, yog li nws yog qhov zoo dua los hais lawvtau sau tseg hauv Suav teb los ntawm lub sijhawm medievaltshaj los thov ib lub xyoo qhia meej.

A phooj ywg- tshuaj xyuas kev kawm ntawm Japanese sab hnub tuaj - hom carrotstshaj tawm tias cov carrots no tau mus txog Nyij Pooj ntawm Tuam Tshoj los ntawm xyoo pua 17th thaum kawg. Cov hom hauv cheeb tsam ces txuas ntxiv txhim kho. Liab Kintoki carrots tseem yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm Eastern carrot cuab yeej cuab tam hauv Nyij Pooj, thaum sab hnub poob txiv kab ntxwv cultivars tau qhia tom qab thiab ua qhov tseem ceeb.

Qhov no yog vim li cas keeb kwm yuav tsum tsis txhob nyeem raws li "Iran mus rau Tebchaws Europe, ces Europe mus rau Tuam Tshoj." Cov qoob loo kis tau ntau dua ib txoj hauv kev, thiab cov neeg cog qoob loo sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub poob tau tsim cov keeb kwm sib txawv thaum txuas ntxiv hloov cov noob los ntawm kev yug me nyuam thiab hla - pollination.

Frozen carrot strips beside a ruler for cut-size reference

Dab tsi hauv tsev hloov

Cov tsiaj qus thiab cog qoob loo muaj nyob rau tib hom kev nyuaj, tab sis ntau pua xyoo ntawm kev xaiv tau hloov pauv cov neeg muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws. Cov neeg cog qoob loo nyiam loj dua, smoother, tsis tshua muaj ntoo cia cov hauv paus hniav nrog cov xim uas xav tau, tsw, zoo li, thiab kev sau qoob loo. Niaj hnub nimno carrots muaj ntau yam los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntev mus rau luv luv conical lossis cylindrical kev ua lag luam hom.

Carrot feem ntau yog cov qoob loo biennial. Thaum lub sij hawm thawj lub caij nws tsim ib tug rosette ntawm faib nplooj thiab tsim lub hauv paus cia. Tom qab raug rau qhov tsim nyog txias, cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem paj hauv nws lub caij thib ob ntawm cov kab mob siab dua uas muaj cov kab sib txuas umbels. Rau hauv paus ntau lawm, flowering ntxov ntxov los yog bolting yog undesirable vim hais tias lub hauv paus yuav tawv thiab poob lag luam zoo.

Kev xaiv tsis nres thaum txiv kab ntxwv carrots ua ntau. Cov kws yug tsiaj txuas ntxiv tsim cov qoob loo rau kev nyab xeeb, kev loj hlob, cov kab mob teb, cov hauv paus hniav sib xws, tsw, kev siv tshuab, xim, thiab siv kawg. Niaj hnub no cov zaub ntug hauv paus paub yog li ntawd ib theem hauv cov qoob loo txuas ntxiv - keeb kwm kev txhim kho.

Crinkle-cut frozen carrot slice checked with a caliper

Carrot Keeb Kwm Ua Dab Tsi -thiab Tsis yog- Ua Pov Thawj Txog Khoom Noj

Qhov nce ntawm txiv kab ntxwv carrots muaj qhov loj me vim tias cov xim txiv kab ntxwv muaj xws li provitamin A carotenoids. CovNIH Office of Dietary Supplementspiav qhia tias lub cev tuaj yeem hloov qee cov carotenoids, suav nrog beta-carotene, mus rau hauv vitamin A, uas yuav tsum tau ua kom pom kev zoo, tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm, kev tsim tawm, kev loj hlob, thiab kev loj hlob.

Qhov ntawd tsis txhais hais tias carrots kho qhov muag tsis pom kev hmo ntuj, tiv thaiv txhua tus ntawm cov kab mob ua pa, lossis lav cov menyuam txoj kev loj hlob. Vitamin A tsis txaus tuaj yeem ua rau tsis pom kev tsis pom kev tsawg -, tab sis tus neeg mob xav tau kev ntsuam xyuas kom raug thiab yuav muaj lwm qhov laj thawj. Carrots tuaj yeem pab txhawb nqa provitamin A ua ib feem ntawm kev noj zaub mov txawv; lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob nthuav tawm raws li kev kho mob.

Daim ntawv pov thawj:Ib qho khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tsis yog pov thawj tias ib qho khoom noj tiv thaiv lossis kho tus kab mob. Keeb kwm muaj koob meej, kev siv ib txwm siv, thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus niaj hnub no teb cov lus nug sib txawv thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tso rau hauv kev cog lus kev noj qab haus huv.

Bulk crinkle-cut frozen carrot slices in an orange product display

Vim li cas keeb kwm ntau yam tseem ceeb rau cov neeg yuav khoom

Keeb kwm piav qhia vim li cas "carrot" tsis yog ib qho khoom siv raw. Cultivar keeb kwm yav dhau cuam tshuam cov xim hauv paus, cov duab, xim profile, kev loj hlob, kev ntxhib los mos, thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm. Rau cov khoom khov, tus neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum tau txhais daim ntawv thov npaj rau hauv qhov ntsuas ntsuas tsis tau tso siab rau cov npe khoom ib leeg.

Ntawm XMSD, peb ntsuas daim ntawv uas lub tais tiav lawm xav tau. Cov tsuav faib sib npaug hauv cov kua zaub, kib mov, npaj zaub mov, thiab zaub sib tov. Slices tsim ib qho pom hauv cov kua zaub thiab cov tais diav. Strips nplua do-fries thiab sib xyaw daim ntaub ntawv, thaum crinkle txiav muab ib tug txawv nto thiab tsos. Peb tam sim noIQF khov carrot nploojqhia tau cov lus qhia muaj.

Kev tshuaj xyuas tus neeg yuav khoom siv tau yuav tsum paub meej tias cov qoob loo lossis cov xim xav tau, txiav qhov ntev, theem blanching, pub dawb- cov kab mob ntws, qhov tsis xws luag, kev ntim khoom, hom phiaj- kev ua lag luam, thiab kev ua tau zoo hauv tus neeg yuav khoom daim ntawv qhia. Cov neeg yuav khoom npaj cov khw muag khoom, kev pabcuam zaub mov, lossis kev lag luam tuaj yeem sib piv pebcov zaub mov khovthiabntim kev xaivua ntej kev ntsuam xyuas.

XMSD Source Note:Qhia peb txog cov xim zaub ntug hauv paus, txiav hom, lub hom phiaj qhov ntev, daim ntawv thov, ntim hom, thiab qhov chaw ua lag luam. Tom qab ntawd peb tuaj yeem tham txog cov khoom tsim nyog specification, qauv, thiab hais.

Thov ib Frozen Carrot Specification

Cov lus nug nquag

1. Cov zaub ntug hauv paus tuaj qhov twg?

Cov pov thawj ntawm caj ces thiab keeb kwm tam sim no tso cov neeg nyob thoob plaws sab hnub poob - mus rau - nruab nrab Asia, nrog rau Afghanistan thiab thaj chaw nyob ze tseem ceeb rau cov qoob loo thaum ntxov. Ib qho niaj hnub- lub teb chaws keeb kwm yog qhov tseeb dua li cov pov thawj tso cai.

2. Thaum twg cov carrots thawj zaug hauv tsev?

Ib txoj kev kawm loj 2023 genomics tso cov zaub ntug hauv paus hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub thib rau thiab thib kaum centuries, thaum lub sij hawm Nrab Hnub nyoog. Domestication tau maj mam, yog li nws yuav tsum tsis txhob raug kho raws li ib qho xwm txheej hauv ib xyoos.

3. Cov xim twg yog cov qoob loo thaum ntxov tshaj plaws?

Ntshav thiab daj yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws -cov ntaub ntawv thaum ntxov cultivated xim. Liab, dawb, thiab lwm yam kuj tau los ua ib feem ntawm lub regional carrot ntau haiv neeg, thaum txiv kab ntxwv los ua tus tseem ceeb tom qab.

4. Puas yog Dutch tsim cov txiv kab ntxwv carrots?

Cov pov thawj niaj hnub txhawb kev xaiv ntawm txiv kab ntxwv carrots nyob rau sab hnub poob Europe thaum lub sij hawm Renaissance. Nws tsis tau txheeb xyuas ib tus neeg tsim khoom lossis ua pov thawj tias cov xim tau tsim los ua ib qho khoom plig rau lub Tsev ntawm Txiv kab ntxwv.

5. Thaum twg carrots tau mus txog Tebchaws Europe?

Ntshav thiab daj cultivated carrots tau mus txog rau sab hnub tuaj Mediterranean nyob ib ncig ntawm 900-1000 thiab tau sau tseg nyob rau sab hnub poob Europe los ntawm 1300s. Tom qab kev xaiv hauv Tebchaws Europe tau pab tsim cov txiv kab ntxwv sab hnub poob.

6. Thaum twg carrots tau qhia rau Suav teb?

Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm yav dhau los sau cov xim liab thiab daj carrots hauv Suav teb los ntawm 1300s. Thawj qhov tuaj txog tiag tiag yuav ua rau cov ntaub ntawv tseem muaj sia nyob.

7. Thaum twg carrots tuaj txog hauv Nyiv?

Peer- tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb uas sab hnub tuaj - hom carrots tau mus txog Nyiv ntawm Tuam Tshoj los ntawm xyoo pua 17th thaum kawg. Western txiv kab ntxwv carrots nkag mus tom qab thiab nthuav dav los ntawm kev yug me nyuam tom ntej.

8. Puas yog ntshav carrots laus dua cov txiv kab ntxwv carrots?

Raws li ib pab pawg neeg cog qoob loo, ntshav carrots tshwm ua ntej hauv cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm tshaj li siab -carotenoid txiv kab ntxwv carrots. Qhov ntawd tsis tau txhais hais tias txhua txhua niaj hnub ntshav cultivar yog ancient; ntau cov cultivars tam sim no yog cov khoom yug me nyuam tsis ntev los no.

9. Cov carrots qus puas zoo ib yam li vaj zaub carrots?

Lawv zoo sib xws nyob rau hauvDaucus carota, tab sis cultivated carrots tau raug xaiv rau qhov loj, edible cia keeb kwm thiab kev ua lag luam zoo. Cov nroj tsuag qus feem ntau tsis tsim cov hauv paus hniav sib npaug rau niaj hnub ua lag luam carrots.

10. Cov zaub ntug hauv paus sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub poob yog dab tsi?

Lawv yog cov neeg cog qoob loo dav dav nrog cov keeb kwm sib txawv thiab cov qauv caj ces. Cov hom sab hnub tuaj suav nrog cov xim liab, daj, lossis xim liab- cov khoom siv hauv paus los ntawm Asia, thaum cov hom sab hnub poob suav nrog ntau cov txiv kab ntxwv tom qab. Kev yug me nyuam thiab noob ntws ua rau ciam teb nyuaj dua li xim ib leeg.

11. Puas yog zaub ntug hauv paus yog tsob ntoo txhua xyoo lossis biennial?

Feem ntau cultivated carrots yog biennial. Lawv tsim cov cag tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv thawj lub caij thiab feem ntau paj tom qab lub caij txias, feem ntau nyob rau lub caij thib ob. Qee cov kab mob tuaj yeem ua paj ua ntej raws li qhov tsim nyog.

12. Carrot keeb kwm puas ua pov thawj tias carrots kho qhov muag tsis pom kev hmo ntuj?

Tsis yog. Txiv kab ntxwv carrots muab provitamin A carotenoids, thiab vitamin A yog qhov tsim nyog rau qhov tsis pom kev. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev noj zaub mov ntawd tsis ua rau carrots kho rau txhua qhov ua rau tsis pom kev tsis pom kev lossis qhov muag tsis pom kev.

13. Yuav ua li cas khov khov -Carrot buyer qhia?

Paub meej tias cov xim thiab cov qoob loo xav tau, txiav hom thiab qhov ntev, qib blanching, tsis haum rau kev zam, pub dawb- mob, ntim hom, hom phiaj xav tau, thiab kev ua haujlwm hauv daim ntawv thov zaum kawg. Ib qho ua ntej - cov khoom xa tuaj thiab cov qauv ua ntawv thov muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li cov npe qib kawm.

Kev xav zaum kawg los ntawm XMSD

Carrot keeb kwm yog ib zaj dab neeg ntawm lub regional domestication, txav, thiab rov xaiv dua. Ntshav thiab daj keeb kwm ua ntej txiv kab ntxwv ua lag luam hom; Tuam Tshoj thiab Nyiv yog nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm zaj dab neeg, tsis yog ib txoj hauv kev uas pib hauv Tebchaws Europe. Rau cov neeg yuav khoom niaj hnub no, qhov sib txawv ntawd txuas ntxiv rau hauv cov xim, hom hauv paus, txiav hom, thiab daim ntawv thov kev ua haujlwm.

Cov ntaub ntawv

Tug

Cov lus qhia xaiv zaub mov kaus poom

zaub ntug hauv paus

Tom ntej