Frozen Food Incoterms: Nqi, Risk & Reefer Guide|XMSD

Incoterms® cov cai tsis hloov pauv cov khoom noj khov- cov lus cog tseg rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus ua tiav. Lawv pab faib kev xa khoom, kev pheej hmoo, kev thauj mus los, cov nqi, kev xa tawm lossis kev xa tawm, thiab qee cov ntaub ntawv kev lav phib xaub ntawm tus muag khoom thiab tus neeg yuav khoom. Lawv tsis yog los ntawm lawv tus kheej txhais cov khoom lag luam zoo, cov npe raug cai, kev them nyiaj ruaj ntseg, kev kho ua txhaum cai, lub neej txee, reefer chaw, tswb ntsuas kub, tsis suav nrog kev pov hwm, kev faib tawm kev lis kev cai, lossis leej twg them nyiaj tom qab kev tshuaj xyuas tsis xav txog.

Rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo khov, zaub, thiab nceb, lub sijhawm ua lag luam yuav tsum tau koom nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb, lub npe khoom xa tuaj, Incoterms® 2020 txoj cai, kev npaj thauj, txias -chain lub luag haujlwm matrix, kev tuav pov hwm, cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa, kev lis kev cai, thiab txoj kev lees paub tuaj txog. Tus nqi cim tsuas yog "FOB," "CIF," lossis "DDP" tsis sib piv kom txog thaum cov ntsiab lus pom.

Lub luag haujlwm ua lag luam yuav tsum txuas cov khoom lag luam, kev koom tes nrog kev sib koom ua ke, kev tshuaj xyuas, cov ntaub ntawv, ntim khoom, ntim khoom txias thiab xa cov thawv ntim khoom.

Incoterms® Allocate Trade Tasks, Tsis yog Tag Nrho Deal

International Chamber of Commerce tshaj tawm kaum ib txoj cai Incoterms® 2020. Xya tuaj yeem siv rau txhua hom kev thauj mus los: EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAP, DPU, thiab DDP. Plaub yog rau hiav txwv lossis dej hiav txwv - kev thauj mus los hauv dej: FAS, FOB, CFR, thiab CIF. Txoj cai raug xaiv txhais qhov chaw xa khoom uas muaj kev pheej hmoo hloov pauv thiab faib cov nqi thiab cov haujlwm.

Tus nqi thiab kev pheej hmoo tsis tas yuav txav mus rau tib lub sijhawm. Raws li txoj cai C, tus neeg muag khoom tuaj yeem them lub tsheb thauj khoom loj mus rau qhov chaw muaj npe thaum muaj kev pheej hmoo hloov mus ua ntej xa khoom hauv lub tebchaws. Qhov kev sib txawv ntawd tseem ceeb thaum lub tswb nrov, kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub zog, kev sib tw, qhov chaw nres nkoj qeeb, lossis kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm them nyiaj.

Txoj cai kuj tsis khi tus neeg nqa khoom, tus neeg tuav pov hwm, lub txhab nyiaj, txoj cai lij choj, lossis lub khw muag khoom txias. Lawv lub luag haujlwm yog los ntawm cov ntawv cog lus sib cais, kev cai lij choj, kev tso cai, cov cai, cov nqi se, thiab cov lus qhia ua haujlwm. Daim ntawv cog lus yuav hais tias tus neeg muag khoom yuav npaj ib lub logger, tab sis tus neeg nqa khoom tseem xav tau cov lus qhia hauv phau ntawv teev npe lossis cov ntaub ntawv thauj khoom. Lub txhab nyiaj tuav ib tsab ntawv qiv nyiaj yuav tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv nthuav tawm raws li cov ntsiab lus qiv nyiaj, tsis suav cov ntsiab lus ploj ntawm lub sijhawm ua lag luam.

Siv lub npe tam sim no raws nraim, txheeb xyuas qhov chaw lossis chaw nres nkoj kom meej, thiab suav nrog "Incoterms® 2020." "CIF Tuam Tshoj," "FOB chaw nres nkoj," lossis "DAP warehouse" tawm ntau dhau qhib. Lub npe lub davhlau ya nyob twg, lub khw txias, qhov chaw xa khoom, lossis qhov chaw pom zoo thiab hais tias cov nqi xws li kev thauj mus los, ntsaws -hauv, hnyav, tshuaj xyuas, demurrage, kaw, thiab tshem tawm tsis suav nrog lossis tsis suav nrog.

Xauv cov khoom hauv paus ua ntej sib piv cov nqe lus

Ob txoj kev xa khoom tsis tuaj yeem muab piv los ntawm tus nqi ib kilogram xwb. Paub meej hom thiab cov khoom npe, keeb kwm, lub sij hawm qoob loo, txiav los yog qib, ua raws li txoj cai, cov khoom xyaw, cov kev txwv tsis raug, khov thiab siav zoo, ntsuas qhov ntsuas, ntim, net hnyav, tag nrho qhov hnyav, pallet npaj, txee lub neej, khoom- qhov kub thiab txias txwv, npaj siv, lo lus uas peb, ntim, xa qhov rais, daim ntawv pov thawj, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tso tawm.

Teem lub lag luam kom muaj nuj nqis nrog kev lis kev cai thiab logistics kom muaj nuj nqis. Cov lus hais tuaj yeem siv cov khoom hnyav hnyav, thaum cov khoom siv thauj khoom siv cov thawv, pallet txoj haujlwm, cov khoom hnyav, lossis cov khoom siv hnub. Lub luag haujlwm tuaj yeem siv tus nqi kev lis kev cai uas suav nrog cov lus qhia ntxiv. warehouses yuav them los ntawm pallet, rooj plaub, kilogram, los yog hnub. Kev thov yuav tsum siv cov khoom siv tau txais txiaj ntsig ntau dua li siv cov khoom thauj khoom hnyav.

Pebkhov khoom portfoliotuaj yeem siv los txheeb xyuas cov khoom hauv paus. Daim ntawv cog lus yuav tsum tseem txheeb xyuas cov khoom muaj npe thiab tus khub sib koom ua ke - txoj hauv kev. Cov khoom ntiag tug, daim ntawv pov thawj, pob, txheej txheem, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem hloov pauv tus nqi, daim ntawv tso cai, daim ntawv lo, kev tuav pov hwm, thiab kev txiav txim siab.

Kev sib piv Quote pib nrog tib yam khoom, txheej txheem, pob, tso pov thawj, kom muaj nuj nqis thiab kev xa khoom xa tuaj.

Xaiv Txoj Cai Nyob Ib puag ncig ntawm Cov Thawv tiag tiag Handoff

Rau cov thawv ntim khoom lossis ntau cov khoom thauj xa mus rau tus neeg nqa khoom lossis lub davhlau ya nyob twg, ICC cov ntaub ntawv txiav txim siab coj cov tog neeg mus rau FCA es tsis yog xaiv FOB. FOB yog hiav txwv lossis dej hiav txwv - txoj cai hauv dej ua ib puag ncig kev xa khoom ntawm lub nkoj. Cov khoom khov khov feem ntau txav mus ua ntej los ntawm lub tub yees tsheb mus rau lub davhlau ya nyob twg, yog li kev saib xyuas lub cev thiab daim ntawv qhia kev pheej hmoo yuav tsum ua raws li txoj cai xaiv.

FCA tuaj yeem haum tus neeg yuav khoom- tswj lub tsheb thauj khoom loj thaum tus muag khoom xa tuaj ntawm qhov chaw muaj npe. CPT lossis CIP tuaj yeem haum thaum tus neeg muag khoom them tus nqi thauj khoom mus rau qhov chaw muaj npe tab sis kev pheej hmoo hla ntawm qhov chaw xa khoom ua ntej. CIP kuj tseem muab cov neeg muag khoom- npaj kev tuav pov hwm raws li txoj cai cov cai, tab sis cov tog neeg yuav tsum tseem txheeb xyuas tus nqi pov hwm, kev pheej hmoo, kev cais tawm, kev txiav tawm, txheej txheem thov, thiab qhov kub thiab txias lossis refer- kev kho mob tawg.

DAP tuaj yeem haum thaum tus neeg muag khoom nqa tus nqi thiab pheej hmoo mus rau qhov chaw uas muaj npe npaj rau kev thauj khoom, tsis tas yuav tshem tawm cov khoom lag luam thiab lub luag haujlwm. DPU suav nrog kev tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw muaj npe. DDP muab tso rau kev tshem tawm thiab lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus neeg muag khoom thiab tuaj yeem tsis tsim nyog thaum tus neeg muag khoom tsis muaj kev sau npe, muaj se, kev tso cai nkag, lossis kev muaj peev xwm ntawm tus neeg muag khoom raug cai. Paub qhov no nrog cov neeg lis haujlwm hauv zos thiab cov kws pab tswv yim ua se ua ntej lees txais DDP.

Sau npe rau qhov chaw xa khoom tiag tiag thiab muab txhua qhov kev thauj mus los hauv tub yees, davhlau ya nyob twg thiab lub tsev khaws khoom xa tawm.

Overlay tus Txias Txias Txias -Chain Responsibility Matrix

Codex CXC 8-1976 piav qhia ceev- cov zaub mov khov raws li khaws cia ntawm −18℃lossis txias dua los ntawm cov hlua txias, raws li kev tso cai kam rau ua. Nws pom zoo kom khov cia ntawm -18℃lossis txias dua nrog qhov hloov pauv tsawg, cov khoom thauj ua ntej txias, tswj xyuas qhov kub thiab txias, ua haujlwm zoo, tub yees ua haujlwm, hloov pauv sai, tsim nyog tshem tawm, thiab khaws cia cov ntaub ntawv kub.

Incoterms® kev pheej hmoo- kis taw tes tsis hloov lub reefer rau, tshawb xyuas lub tswb, teeb tsa lub ntsaws- thaum kuaj xyuas, lossis txav cov khoom thauj mus rau lub khw txias. Muab txhua txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm los ntawm qhov chaw thiab lub sijhawm: ua ntej-kev txiav txim siab txias, khoom rub- nqes, loading kub, chav ua ntej-trip kev tshuaj xyuas, teeb taw tes, qhov cua thiab av noo qhov chaw uas cuam tshuam, logger mov thiab ua kom, lub davhlau ya nyob twg ntsaws-nyob rau hauv, tej thaj chaw deb saib xyuas, tswb escalation nyob rau hauv unspection, kev thauj mus los, kev thauj mus los, approvement txias kawg- daim ntawv txais khoom.

Cais huab cua teeb taw tes, muab cua, cua rov qab, thiab cov khoom siv -core kub. Tus neeg nqa khoom rub tawm tsis tuaj yeem ua pov thawj cov khoom kub, thiab kev nyeem ntawv infrared tsis tuaj yeem ua pov thawj qhov tseem ceeb. Daim ntawv cog lus yuav tsum xeev cov cuab yeej, ntsuas ntsuas, ntsuas qhov ua haujlwm, lub sijhawm, txwv kev lees paub, qhov pib ua haujlwm, thiab nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv.

Saib xyuas lubkhov ntim thiab thauj khoom txhawb nqanrog rau lub caij txias - chain plan. Thawv lub zog, pallet lossis hauv pem teb loading, cua raws, thauj kab, dunnage, qhov rooj clearance, thiab unloading txoj kev yuav hloov tau ob qho tib si thermal thiab lub cev kev pheej hmoo.

Muab qhov kub thiab txias, pallet, davhlau ya nyob twg, cov cab kuj, tswb, tshem tawm thiab txias -khoom ua haujlwm txawm tias lub sijhawm ua lag luam faib cov kev pheej hmoo ua lag luam.

Normalize Txhua nqe lus rau Landed Txais Tus Nqi

Tsim ib daim ntawv nqi los ntawm tib qhov chaw xa khoom thiab qhov ntau. Xws li cov khoom, ntim khoom, kev thauj mus los hauv tebchaws, kev tuav pov hwm, cov ntaub ntawv, kev tshuaj xyuas, reefer surcharge, dej hiav txwv lossis huab cua freight, kev tuav pov hwm, chaw nres tsheb, chaw nres tsheb, kev lis kev cai, lub luag haujlwm, se, daim ntawv tso cai lossis kev sau npe, kev kuaj xyuas, ntsaws-nyob rau hauv, demurrage thiab kaw qhov kev xav, inland refrigerated, kev xa nyiaj, kev them nyiaj rau peb tawm los.

Tsis txhob kho tus nqi them nqi raws li tus nqi kev lis kev cai yam tsis muaj kev pom zoo hauv zos. Lub Koom Haum Ntiaj Teb Kev lis kev cai piav qhia tias tus nqi lag luam feem ntau yog tus nqi them los yog them rau kev xa tawm mus rau lub teb chaws tuaj txawv teb chaws ntxiv rau qhov yuav tsum tau hloov kho. Kev faib tawm, keeb kwm, kev pabcuam, kev lav phib xaub, thauj khoom, kev tuav pov hwm, thiab lwm yam ntxiv lossis tsis suav nrog yog nyob ntawm cov cai siv. Tus neeg xa khoom thiab tus neeg lis kev lis kev cai yuav tsum kaw HS code, kev ntsuas tus nqi, cov pov thawj nyiam, lub luag haujlwm thiab se ua ntej xa khoom.

Ua cov ntaub ntawv pom zoo ua ntej Loading

Tsim cov ntaub ntawv matrix uas qhia lub npe, tus neeg xa khoom, tus neeg thov, tus neeg xa khoom, lub npe khoom tiag, hom lossis cov txheej txheem nthuav dav, HS code qhov twg siv, keeb kwm, kom muaj nuj nqis, net thiab tag nrho pawg, pob, ntau, hnub, daim ntawv pov thawj naj npawb, hom lus, thawj lossis hluav taws xob daim ntawv, hnub kawg, thiab tus neeg txais. Cov ntaub ntawv muaj xws li daim ntawv them nqi lag luam, cov ntawv ntim khoom, cov ntaub ntawv thauj khoom, daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb, cov khoom specification, COA, daim ntawv pov thawj, daim ntawv pov thawj, thiab lo lus uas peb -kev noj qab haus huv, huv, phytosanitary, dawb-muag, organic, halal, kosher, lossis ntshuam - tso cai pov thawj thaum xav tau.

Tsis yog txhua yam khoom noj khov xav tau txhua daim ntawv pov thawj. Kev xav tau yog nyob ntawm cov khoom ntiag tug, qib kev ua haujlwm, keeb kwm, qhov chaw, kev siv, ntim, daim ntawv lo, thiab kev txiav txim siab tam sim no. Tau txais daim ntawv sau npe tus neeg xa khoom lossis daim ntawv teev cai ua ntej tsim khoom. Daim ntawv pov thawj uas tsis tuaj yeem muab tom qab tawm mus yuav tsum tsis pom ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj.

Txheeb xyuas qhov sib xws ntawm daim ntawv cog lus muag, daim ntawv them nqi, daim ntawv teev npe, daim ntawv teev npe lossis daim ntawv hla hiav txwv, daim ntawv pov thawj, daim ntawv lo, daim ntawv cim, thawv, foob, VGM, specification, COA, thiab daim ntawv tso cai ntshuam. Ib qho kev sib txawv me me tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov khoom sib txawv lossis ntim rau hauv kev lis kev cai lossis kev sau npe.

Txheeb xyuas tus neeg tuav daim ntawv pov thawj, qhov chaw, thaj tsam, cov khoom lag luam, tus tsim tawm, siv tau thiab tso cai; lub logo tsis yog daim ntawv txiav txim siab.

Tswj Lub Thawv Loj, Kev Sau Npe, thiab Txiav -Offs

Lub Koom Haum Thoob Ntiaj Teb Maritime hais tias yuav tsum tau txheeb xyuas tag nrho pawg ua ntej lub thawv ntim khoom tuaj yeem thauj khoom raws li SOLAS cov cai. Tus neeg xa khoom muaj npe nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thauj khoom yog lub luag haujlwm muab VGM txaus thaum ntxov. Nws tuaj yeem tau los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm lub thawv ntim khoom lossis, qhov twg tso cai, summing cargo, pob, pallets, dunnage thiab ruaj cov khoom ntxiv rau lub thawv tare siv txoj kev pom zoo certified.

Reconcile muag khoom kom muaj nuj nqis, ntau lawm yield, ntim ntim, thawv net thiab tag nrho pawg, pallet los yog dunnage loj, thawv tare, VGM, packing list, booking, thiab txoj kev txwv. Tsis txhob siv lub thawv ntim khoom kwv yees rau VGM lossis kev npaj thauj khoom yam tsis muaj kev pom zoo. Khaws qhov ntsuas tus kheej, ntsuas, ntsuas lub sijhawm, lub thawv thiab lub foob, tus neeg saib xyuas, txheej txheem, thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj.

Daim ntawv qhia kev pom zoo, thauj khoom, ua ntej- mus ncig, teem caij thauj khoom, kev lis kev cai, kev tshuaj xyuas, rooj vag-hauv, VGM, cov ntaub ntawv, kev xa khoom-qhia, daim nqi{3}} ntawm - nkoj nkoj, thiab txiav nkoj - tawm. Lub xeev uas saib xyuas kev hloov pauv thiab leej twg tuaj yeem tso cai rau tus nqi ntxiv. Ib daim ntawv teev sijhawm ib hnub tuaj yeem tsim tau ob peb hnub ntawm reefer xauj, ntsaws-hauv, cia, thiab txee- lub neej poob.

Reconcile cov khoom kg, ntim, cartons, pallets, dunnage, thawv tare, packing list thiab txheeb xyuas tag nrho cov loj.

Kaw qhov Insurance thiab Claims Gap

Ib lub sij hawm uas yuav tsum tau tus neeg muag khoom- kev tuav pov hwm kev tuav pov hwm tsis tau lees paub tias txhua qhov khov - zaub mov poob raug them. Txheeb xyuas cov neeg pov hwm kev pov hwm, kev caij nkoj, kev sib txuas thiab kev txiav tawm, tus nqi pov hwm, khoom muag, kub- sib txawv npog, reefer tawg, lub zog cuam tshuam, ncua kev tsis suav nrog, cov khoom siv tsis txaus, cov khoom tsis txaus, txiav tawm, daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas cov cai, daim ntawv teev sijhawm, kev cawmdim, kev txo qis, kev xa rov qab mus rau txoj cai lij choj.

Txhais cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ua ntej xa khoom xa tuaj: daim ntawv cog lus yuav, daim ntawv them nqi, cov ntawv ntim khoom, cov ntaub ntawv thauj, txoj cai lossis daim ntawv pov thawj, tshuaj xyuas thiab thauj cov ntaub ntawv, ntim thiab foob, reefer ua ntej-trip, teeb- taw tes qhia, ntsuas kub logger, cab kuj rub tawm, davhlau ya nyob twg cov xwm txheej, kev sojntsuam tuaj txog, txias-cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los yog cov qauv kev ua haujlwm, cov duab kos, cov duab kos, siv tau tawm los, pov tseg lossis khaws cia, thiab sau ntawv ceeb toom raws sijhawm.

Kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev hloov pauv, kev ua haujlwm txhaum cai, kev lav phib xaub ntawm tus neeg nqa khoom, thiab kev pov hwm rov qab yog cov lus nug cais. Kev poob tom qab kev sib cog lus yuav raug hloov pauv tseem tuaj yeem suav nrog tus muag khoom - muab cov ntim khoom lossis cov ntaub ntawv; lub tswb ntawm tus cab kuj tseem tuaj yeem poob sab nraud; tus neeg yuav khoom ncua sij hawm tuaj yeem ua txhaum txoj haujlwm txo qis. Khaws cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj thiab ceeb toom rau txhua tus neeg muaj feem muaj lub luag haujlwm yam tsis tau tos txog lub hauv paus zaum kawg- ua daim ntawv qhia.

Kev thov yog nyob ntawm kev soj ntsuam txuas, code, pallet, thawv, foob, kub thiab xa cov pov thawj.

Siv lub Pre-Shipment and Arrival Gate

Ua ntej tsim khoom, pom zoo cov khoom lag luam, koom tes nrog, cov txheej txheem txheej txheem, pob, kos duab, qhov chaw xa khoom xa tuaj, HS tshuaj xyuas, daim ntawv pov thawj, kev xeem, Incoterms® 2020 txoj cai thiab lub npe taw tes, kev them nyiaj, kev tuav pov hwm, tus neeg nqa khoom, cov lus qhia reefer, cov ntaub ntawv matrix, kev tshuaj xyuas, kev thov txoj kev, thiab kev hloov pauv - tswj kev ua haujlwm. Ua ntej kev thauj khoom, txheeb xyuas qhov tso tawm ntau, ntau, thawv, cov khoom kub, lub thawv ntim, teeb taw tes, kev npaj thauj khoom, logger, foob, VGM, kev lis kev cai, booking thiab cov ntawv sau.

Ua ntej tuaj txog, lees paub cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm lossis kev tshaj tawm hauv hluav taws xob, kev xa khoom xa tawm, daim ntawv tso cai, kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, lub luag haujlwm thiab cov nyiaj se, reefer ntsaws-hauv, kev thauj mus los hauv tub yees, txias - lub khw teem sijhawm, tshem tawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, tus neeg soj ntsuam kev sib cuag thiab nce ntxiv. Thaum tau txais, tiv thaiv cov pov thawj ua ntej lees txais, rov ua haujlwm, faib, lossis pov tseg cov khoom sib cav.

Pebimporter thiab thoob ntiaj teb - neeg yuav khoom txhawb nqathiabexport kev sib koom tesqhia txog kev txhawb nqa kev lag luam. Saib xyuas pebcov ntaub ntawv pov thawj, tom qab ntawd phim txhua cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev pabcuam rau cov khoom tiag, chaw, kev txiav txim, qhov chaw thiab daim ntawv cog lus.

Xa ib qho piv txwv Frozen -Food Trade RFQ

Xa cov khoom, hom, style, txheej txheem, specification, pob, kom muaj nuj nqis, lo lus uas peb, qhov kawg tus me nyuam taw tes, Incoterms® 2020 txoj cai, thov tus nqi hauv paus, zaub mov qhov rai, importer xwm txheej, HS thiab daim ntawv tso cai tshuaj xyuas, daim ntawv pov thawj thiab daim ntawv xeem, daim ntawv lo, cab kuj los yog txoj kev nyiam, kub thiab logger cov lus qhia, kev pov hwm yuav tsum tau, txoj kev them nqi, tshuaj xyuas, cov ntaub ntawv hnub kawg thiab cov kev pab cuam thov.

Hais kom txhua tus neeg sib tw ua tiav tib tus nqi thiab lub luag haujlwm matrix. Kos suav nrog, tsis suav nrog, tus neeg yuav khoom- muab, kwv yees, thiab raug rau tus nqi thib peb -. Sib piv tag nrho cov nqi cog lus lees txais thiab kev pheej hmoo, tsis yog sib xyaw ntawm FCA, FOB, CIF, thiab DAP tus lej.

Cov lus nug nquag

Incoterms® txoj cai twg yog qhov zoo tshaj rau cov khoom noj khov?

Tsis muaj txoj cai yog universally zoo tshaj plaws. Xaiv ib ncig ntawm qhov chaw xa khoom tiag tiag, hom kev thauj mus los, kev muaj peev xwm ntawm tus neeg tuaj yeem, tswj kev thauj mus los, kev tuav pov hwm, se, thiab kev pheej hmoo nyiam. FCA, CPT, CIP, DAP, thiab DPU feem ntau tsim nyog tau txais kev tshuaj xyuas rau cov thawv ntim khoom lossis cov khoom ntim khoom khov ntau.

Puas yog CIF txhais tau tias tus neeg muag khoom muaj kev pheej hmoo rau qhov chaw?

Tsis yog. Nyob rau hauv CIF tus neeg muag khoom them tus nqi thauj khoom thiab npaj cov ntawv pov hwm yuav tsum tau mus rau qhov chaw muaj npe, tab sis kev xa khoom thiab kev pheej hmoo hloov pauv tau tshwm sim ua ntej raws li txoj cai. Paub meej cov ntaub ntawv txoj cai, lub npe chaw nres nkoj, kev tuav pov hwm thiab txias - chains.

Incoterms® puas them nyiaj thiab ua tswv cuab?

Lawv tsis txiav txim siab cov nqe lus them nqi, lub npe raug cai, kev kho txhaum cai, kev cai lij choj, cov khoom specification, lossis kev lees txais. Muab cov no tso rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus muag thiab ua raws li ib tsab ntawv ntawm credit, lav, lossis sau cov ntaub ntawv.

Leej twg yog tus lav ris rau qhov kub thiab txias?

Cov lus teb tuaj yeem hloov raws theem thiab kev cog lus. Muab cov khoom rub- nqes, ua ntej- mus txawv tebchaws, teeb taw tes, thauj cov tshev, cov lus qhia thauj khoom, lub davhlau ya nyob twg ntsaws-hauv, saib xyuas, tswb, tshem tawm thiab txias- khaws daim ntawv txais nyiaj hauv lub luag haujlwm sib cais.

Dab tsi ua rau ob qho khoom khov - cov lus hais txog zaub mov zoo sib xws?

Siv tib yam khoom, pob, kom muaj nuj nqis, qhov chaw, qhov chaw xa khoom, txoj cai version, lub sij hawm, suav nrog cov nqi, kev lis kev cai, kev tuav pov hwm, cov ntaub ntawv, kev tswj qhov kub thiab kev lees txais - tawm los. Hloov ob qho tib si rau landed txais nqi ib kilogram usable.

Cov ntaub ntawv

• International Chamber of Commerce - Incoterms® 2020 Checklist thiab Flowcharts. Txoj cai xaiv rau containerized, multimodal, shipping thiab tuaj txog cov ntawv cog lus.
• International Chamber of Commerce - Incoterms® 2020 Cov Lus Nug thiab Lus Teb. Cov chaw muaj npe, xa khoom, kev pheej hmoo, nqi, kev thauj mus los, kev tuav pov hwm thiab kev cog lus ciam teb.
• Codex CXC 8-1976 - Ua thiab tuav cov khoom noj khov ceev ceev. Frozen cia, thauj, loading, kub, stowage, hloov thiab cov ntaub ntawv.
• International Maritime Organization - Kev pov thawj ntawm Cov Thawv Ntim Pob Zeb. SOLAS VGM lub luag haujlwm, lub sijhawm thiab kev tso cai.
• Lub Koom Haum Ntiaj Teb Kev lis kev cai - Tus nqi kev lis kev cai yog dab tsi?. Kev ua lag luam tus nqi thiab kev lis kev cai -value purpose.
• World Customs Organization - HS Nomenclature 2022. Tam sim no Harmonized System qauv thiab kev faib cov txheej txheem.
• World Trade Organization - Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo Ua Lag Luam. Kev tshaj tawm, ua ntej- txiav txim, tso tawm, ciam teb- chaw haujlwm thiab kev lis kev cai- txheej txheem txheej txheem.