Kiwi puas yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo lossis zaub? Phau Ntawv Qhia Botanical thiab Kev Lag Luam

    Kiwi yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tsis yog zaub.Qhov tseeb, kiwifruit edible yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog botanical Berry. Nws tsim los ntawm zes qe menyuam ntawm Actinidia paj thiab muaj ntau cov noob hauv cov nqaij mos. Qhov ntawd tso nws squarely ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo sab ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm botanical. Kev siv khoom noj txhua hnub mus txog qhov tshwm sim zoo ib yam: khw, chav ua noj thiab tsim cov qauv txhua tus tuav kiwifruit li txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

Tsuas yog qhov tseeb ntawm kev tsis meej pem yog lo luskev faib tawm. Botanical taxonomy tso cov nroj tsuag los ntawm tsev neeg, genus thiab hom, tom qab ntawd piav qhia txog cov qauv siv tau raws li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Cov lus muag khoom hu nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab. Ib qho tshiab - cov qauv tsim khoom tuaj yeem tso cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ib leeg hauv Chav Kawm Ntxiv, Chav Kawm I lossis Chav Kawm II. Ib qho kev qhia tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem hu rau tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, hlais, tsuav los yog puree. Cov tshuab no teb cov lus nug sib txawv, thiab tsis muaj leej twg hloov kiwi rau hauv zaub.

Yog tias koj tsuas xav tau cov lus teb zoo tib yam, nres ntawm "txiv hmab txiv ntoo." Yog tias koj tab tom npaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb, daim ntawv lo, cov lus piav qhia txog kev lis kev cai lossis kev yuav khoom, nyeem ntxiv: cov lus nug tseem ceeb yuav tsis yog kiwi yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tab sisuas Actinidia cov ntaub ntawv, cov khoom tsim, qib, txiav thiab kev ua haujlwm koj txhais tau tias.

Vim li cas Botanists faib Kiwi ua Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo

Kev faib tawm botanical pib nrog cov qauv cog, tsis yog qab zib, xim lossis qhov chaw uas cov zaub mov tshwm rau ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov. Ib lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cov noob -cov kabmob uas tsim los ntawm zes qe menyuam ntawm cov paj ntoo. Txiav ib tug kiwi hla los yog lengthwise thiab cov pov thawj yog ib qho yooj yim mus saib: lub cev nqaij daim tawv nyob ib ncig ntawm ib tug radiating qauv ntawm me me maub noob. Cov khoom noj tau yog li ntawd cov qauv txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas paub tab ntawm cov nroj tsuag.

Cov nroj tsuag nws tus kheej tsis yog "txiv hmab txiv ntoo." Kew piav qhia txog cov nroj tsuag ntsuab kiwifruit uas muaj zog ntoo vine thiab cov npeActinidia chinasisvar.deliciosaRaws li lub npe lees paub hauv tsev neeg Actinidiaceae. Poj niam paj txi txiv tom qab pollination. Cov nroj tsuag no -vim- cov khoom sib txawv tseem ceeb thaum qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb sib xyaw ua liaj ua teb thiab ua tiav- cov khoom lag luam: genus, hom thiab cultivar txheeb xyuas cov khoom cog; tag nrho, hlais, tsuav, puréed, tshiab lossis khov qhia txog cov khoom lag luam.

Cov npe tshawb fawb muaj txiaj ntsig, tab sis lawv yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tuav. "Kiwi" yog ib lub npe siv rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo noj tau los ntawm ntau tshaj ib qho Actinidia taxon. Ntsuab, kub thiab me me du - tawv kiwiberries tsis cia li faib ib hom xwb vim ib tug neeg muag khoom hu rau tag nrho cov ntawm lawv kiwi. Yog hais tias cultivar tus kheej los yog botanical qhov chaw cuam tshuam rau koj daim ntawv lo, kev tso cai kev ua lag luam los yog kev tsim, tau txais lub npe scientific thiab cultivar npe los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cov khoom es tsis txhob inferring nws los ntawm nqaij xim.

Cov ntsiab lus pom yog nqaij thiab noob, tsis saj

Qab zib tsis yog kev sim botanical. Txiv lws suav, kua txob thiab dib tsim los ntawm paj zes qe menyuam thiab yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo botanical txawm tias cov cooks feem ntau siv lawv hauv cov tais diav. Carrots thiab beetroot yog cov hauv paus hniav; celery yog nplooj stalk; lettuce yog nplooj ntaub. Kiwi ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb vim tias ob qho tib si nws cov qauv thiab nws cov kev cai siv taw qhia rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tab sis tib txoj cai siv tau.

    Tswv yim piv txwv:Xav tias daim ntawv qhia kev cob qhia hais kom koj txheeb cov khoom los ntawm ib feem ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas tau noj. Ib daim kiwi qhia txog nqaij tawv nyob ib ncig ntawm ntau cov noob, yog li kos nws li txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Broccoli yog sau paj ntaub, thiab zaub ntug hauv paus yog cov ntaub so ntswg, yog li cov neeg mus rau hauv pawg zaub. Cov pov thawj txiav txim siab yog cov nroj tsuag hauv nruab nrog cev, tsis yog cov khoom xyaw qab zib.

Vim li cas Kiwi tsis yog zaub

"Ntiaj Teb" yog cov khoom noj uas siv tau ntau dua li ib qib botanical meej. Hauv cov lus niaj hnub, nws tuaj yeem suav nrog cov hauv paus hniav, nplooj, stems, qhov muag teev, paj thiab txawm tias qee cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo siv hauv kev ua noj ua haus. Qhov yooj yim piav qhia txog kev sib cav txog txiv lws suav, squash lossis avocado. Kiwi tsis nthuav tawm tib qhov xwm txheej ciam teb: nws cov noob- cov qauv kabmob ua rau nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo botanically, thiab nws cov tart- qab zib ua noj ua haus ua rau nws nyob rau hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo pawg conventionally.

Washington State University Extension cais peb lo ntsiab muag: kev ua noj los yog kev siv ib txwm siv, cov qauv siv roj ntsha thiab kev kho raws cai. Zaj lus qhia tsis yog tias txhua yam khoom noj muaj peb cov lus teb sib tw. Nws yog qhov koj yuav tsum xub txheeb xyuas lub hom phiaj ntawm kev faib tawm. Cov lus teb biology piav qhia txog cov kab mob hauv lub cev. Ib qeb zaub mov pab ua noj. Ib txoj cai lossis lub sijhawm tariff tswj kev lag luam tshwj xeeb. Kev siv cov lus teb kom raug los ntawm qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm tseem tuaj yeem tsim cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo.

Kev kho raws cai lossis kev lis kev cai tsim nyog nws tus kheej kab hauv koj cov ntaub ntawv. Ib qho tariff code tuaj yeem nyob ntawm qhov chaw txiav txim, lub xeev cov khoom, ntxiv cov khoom xyaw, ntim thiab npaj nkag. "Botanical txiv hmab txiv ntoo" tsis xaiv ib tug tariff code los ntawm nws tus kheej. Peb pom zoo kom sau cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov khoom ua ntej, tom qab ntawd muaj lub luag haujlwm kev lis kev cai tshaj lij thiab sau cov cai siv rau qhov chaw.

Puas yog Kiwi tseem yog Berry?

Yog lawm. "Fruit" yog cov lus teb dav, thaum "Berry" yog cov lus teb tshwj xeeb botanical. Ib tug botanical txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ib tug fleshy txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsim los ntawm ib lub zes qe menyuam, feem ntau nrog cov noob embedded nyob rau hauv lub fleshy txiv hmab txiv ntoo phab ntsa es tsis yog ib tug tawv pob zeb. Kew piav qhia txog cov xim av uas paub txog- tawv nqaij ntsuab kiwifruit raws li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo oval, thiab Fabkis National Museum of Natural History kuj piav txog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawmActinidia chinasisraws li ib tug oval berry.

Cov lus txhua hnub cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua raws li qhov tsos thiab noj tus cwj pwm, yog li nws tsis sib haum xeeb nrog botanical morphology. Lo lus yuav qhia me me puag ncig cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo noj los ntawm tes, tab sis qhov loj me tsis yog qhov ntsuas botanical. Tias yog vim li cas tus qauv kiwifruit tuaj yeem yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo txawm tias nws loj dua li blueberry, thaum lub txiv pos nphuab muaj cov qauv sib txawv txawm tias nws lub npe.

Tsis txhob cia cov berry nthuav dav overtake cov khoom siv npe. Lub khw muag khoom lossis kev yuav khoom piav qhia uas tsuas yog "Berry" yuav tsis meej. "Green kiwifruit," "kub kiwifruit" los yog lub npe kiwiberry uas muaj ntaub ntawv pov thawj zoo muab kev lag luam rau tus kheej; botanical berry piav qhia daws cov lus nug tshawb fawb. Peb txoj cai ib txwm yog yooj yim: siv lub npe dav dav rau kev sib txuas lus thiab cov ntaub ntawv botanical meej qhov twg traceability lossis ua raws li xav tau.

Ntsuab, kub thiab kiwiberry tseem yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo

Xim thiab hom tawv nqaij hloov cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov khoom, tsis yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo -vim- cov txiaj ntsig zaub. Fuzzy ntsuab kiwifruit, kub- nqaij kiwifruit thiab me du - tawv kiwiberries tag nrho yog los ntawm Actinidia nroj tsuag thiab dais noob nyob rau hauv fleshy txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Lawv nyob twj ywm txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Dab tsi tuaj yeem hloov pauv yog hom kab lus tshaj tawm, cultivar, qhov loj me, xim qauv, tsw, ua tus cwj pwm thiab lo lus lo lus.

Yog tias koj qhov kev txiav txim siab txog cov khoom noj muaj pes tsawg leeg es tsis yog taxonomy, txav mus rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg -focused source thiab txhais cov zaub mov. XMSD qhia raukiwifruit khoom noj khoom haus thiab khoom noj khoom haus - sib txawvmuaj cov lus nug cais. Kev faib tawm ib leeg tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tshiab - txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum tsis txhob ua ntsiag to rau kev npaj qab zib.

Fresh Kiwifruit "Class" txhais tau tias kev lag luam zoo

Hauv tshiab - txiv hmab txiv ntoo trading, "kev faib tawm" feem ntau txhais tau tias qib es tsis yog taxonomy. UNECE FFV-46 tus qauv siv rau cov kab lis kev cai tshwj xeeb ntawmActinidia chinasisthiabActinidia deliciosa yog qhov zoo tshaj plawsmuab tshiab rau cov neeg siv khoom. Nws txhais Extra Class, Class I thiab Class II, nrog rau kev ua tau zoo, kev loj hlob, qhov loj me thiab kam rau ua. Cov ntaub ntawv qhia meej meej tsis suav nrog kiwifruit npaj rau kev ua lag luam, yog li nws tsis yog npaj tau -ua khov kiwi specification.

Raws li luam tawm xyoo 2023 FFV-46, qhov loj me yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hnyav. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus uas tau teev tseg yog 90 g rau Chav Kawm Ntxiv, 70 g rau Chav Kawm I thiab 65 g rau Chav Kawm II. Cov theem pib no tsis tau hais tias txhua txhua 90 g txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog Ib Chav Kawm Ntxiv: cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, zoo, ruaj khov, suab nrov thiab kev nthuav qhia. Qhov hnyav yog ib lub rooj vag hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab dav dav.

Tib tsab ntawv hais tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov ntim yuav tsum ncav cuag tsawg kawg yog 6.2℃Brix lossis qhov nruab nrab qhuav -cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm 15%, uas yuav tsum ua rau 9.5℃Brix ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv cov saw hlau. Qhia txoj kev ntsuas thiab theem thaum twg koj siv cov lej no. Ib qho txiaj ntsig Brix ntawm kev ntim khoom thiab ib qho tom qab hauv kev faib khoom tsis yog kev sib pauv kev soj ntsuam.

    Piv txwv ua haujlwm:Xav tias ib tug tshiab kiwi hnyav 88 g. Tus lej lej yog 88 g − 90 g=−2 g, yog li nws plam qhov Extra Class yam tsawg kawg nkaus los ntawm 2 g. Nws yog 18 g saum toj no 70 g yam tsawg kawg nkaus rau Class I thiab 23 g saum toj no 65 g yam tsawg kawg nkaus rau chav II. Yog tias tag nrho lwm yam kev xav tau hauv Chav Kawm Kuv tau ua tiav, nws qhov hnyav tuaj yeem haum rau Chav Kawm I; kev suav ib leeg tsis tuaj yeem muab cov chav kawm ntawd. Koj qhov kev txiav txim yog los tshuaj xyuas cov txheej txheem zoo ntxiv, tsis txhob sau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo raws li cov khoom noj sib txawv.

Cov qauv yog version-cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm. UNECE tseem teev FFV-46 raws li 2023 tus qauv, thaum 2026 cov ntaub ntawv rooj sib tham muaj cov lus pom zoo los tham txog kev hloov pauv rau qhov loj me thiab Brix lo lus. Ib qho kev sib tham tswv yim tsis yog tib yam li ib qho kev hloov kho dua tshiab. Muab cov ntawv luam tawm thiab txoj cai lo lus teb rau ntawm koj qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb, tom qab ntawd rov kuaj xyuas lawv ua ntej cog lus rau lub caij tshiab lossis kev ua lag luam.

Frozen processing hloov daim ntawv, tsis yog zaub mov cim

Peeling, txiav thiab khov tsis hloov kiwifruit rau hauv zaub. Ib daim khov khov tseem yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo; tsuav tsuav tej txiv hmab txiv ntoo; puree yog ib qho kev npaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Dab tsi hloov yog qhov tshwj xeeb xav tau los kwv yees kev ua tau zoo. Thaum cov tawv nqaij raug tshem tawm thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo raug txiav, cov ntsiab lus xws li kev txiav geometry, daim - qhov loj me, tawg - daim nyiaj pub dawb, dawb - ntws, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom, cov qauv ntim thiab cov cwj pwm thaw ua tau zoo dua li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab.

IQF yog ib qho kev piav qhia, tsis yog pawg botanical. Kev khov sai ntawm tus kheej lub hom phiaj kom khov cov khoom sib cais sai txaus los txhawb cov khoom pub dawb - cov khoom ntws, tab sis cov lus sau ib leeg tsis tau lees paub qee yam cultivar, txiav txiav, xim band lossis daim ntawv thov tshwm sim. Rau cov txheej txheem ua ntu zus thiab ntsuas ntsuas tau zoo, siv XMSD phau ntawv qhia rauIQF kiwi tev, txiav thiab tswj kom zoo.

Daim ntawv thov txiav txim seb daim ntawv twg tseem ceeb. Ib qho pom saum toj kawg nkaus yuav xav tau cov hlais ua tiav zoo nkauj thiab ib txoj kab uas hla. Ib qho dej haus sib xyaw tuaj yeem lees txais daim ntawv kho kom zoo nkauj tsawg dua yog tias tsw, tsim thiab khov tuav ua tau raws li lub hom phiaj. Kev suav nrog yogurt tuaj yeem xav tau cov tsuav uas faib tau los ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom. Lo lus "txiv hmab txiv ntoo" tseem muaj tseeb nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, tab sis nws yog dav dhau los pom zoo cov khoom.

Thawing yog lwm cov khoom lag luam - daim ntawv teeb meem. Frozen kiwi tuaj yeem muag thiab tso kua dej tom qab thawing, yog li ntsuas nws nyob rau hauv tib lub sijhawm thaw, kub thiab siv kawg npaj rau kev tsim khoom. XMSD txheej txheem cej luam ntawmkhov kiwi kev ntxhib los mos, siv thiab khaws ciapiav qhia qhov kev txiav txim cais. Ib qho piv txwv pom lub suab khov tuaj yeem coj txawv txawv tom qab thawing, thiab tsis muaj qhov tsos khov los yog kev faib cov botanical kwv yees qhov tshwm sim los ntawm nws tus kheej.

Yuav ua li cas rau npe Kiwi kom meej meej hauv cov khoom Specification

Ib qho kev qhia tshwj xeeb zoo pib nrog tus kheej thiab txav mus rau qhov ntsuas tau. Peb yuav sau cov npe khoom ua ntej, tom qab ntawd ntxiv cov khoom siv botanical lossis cultivar thaum nws hloov qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Tom ntej no tuaj txheej txheem thiab daim ntawv: tshiab, tev, khov, IQF, hlais, tsuav, halves lossis purée. Ua raws li kev ntsuas kev txiav, kev hloov pauv tau, kev tshaj tawm cov khoom, cov qauv pob, qhov hnyav, lub xeev cia thiab cov pov thawj siv rau kev tso tawm.

Zam ib qho chaw hu ua "kev faib tawm" yam tsis muaj kev txhais. Tib lub thawv tuaj yeem tau txais "txiv hmab txiv ntoo," "Class I" lossis "10 × 10 mm dice," thiab tag nrho peb qhov kev nkag tuaj yeem raug yog thaum teb cov lus nug sib txawv. Sib cais thaj chaw xws li botanical tus kheej, qib kev lag luam, cov khoom lag luam thiab cov cai lis kev cai tiv thaiv qhov tsis meej. Koj tus qauv pom zoo thiab sau ntawv kam rau ua ces tig cov lus piav qhia rau hauv txoj kev lees txais.

    Specification piv txwv:Xav txog cov lus piav qhia "IQF ntsuab kiwifruit tsuav, nominal 10 × 10 mm, peeled, 100% kiwifruit." Nws qhia koj ntau tshaj li "cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo khov," tab sis nws tseem ua tsis tiav kom txog rau thaum qhov loj me - ntsuas txoj kev thiab kam rau siab pom zoo. Yog tias koj tus neeg tso nyiaj lossis cov khoom ntim ntim rau ntawm cov khoom loj, txhais tau tias muaj pes tsawg daim yuav raug coj mus kuaj, qhov ntev npaum li cas yog ntsuas, qhov kev tso cai faib tawm thiab kev txiav txim rau qhov tawm ntawm - ntawm - spec ntau.

Tsis txhob luam cov duab 10 × 10 mm rau hauv ib qho kev txiav txim tshwj tsis yog nws haum rau cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom kawg. Sib piv cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag hauv daim ntawvXMSD khov kiwi ntau yam, tom qab ntawd muab cov ntawv xaiv thiab txoj kev lees paub rau hauv qhov kos npe tshwj xeeb. Ib daim duab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev taw qhia, tab sis kev nyeem ntawv caliper thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj kev npaj daws teeb meem loj.

Khaws qib, cov khoom xyaw thiab cov nqi kho mob sib cais

Ib qho tshiab - cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv chav kawm tsis tuaj yeem nqa mus rau hauv cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb. Nws tuaj yeem qhia cov khoom nyoos- xaiv cov khoom, tab sis txiav tawm thiab ua tiav- cov khoom zoo yog nyob ntawm qhov loj hlob, qhov tsis xws luag, tev poob, kev kho tub ntxhais, luas, khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm khov. Yog tias koj xav tau qhov kev tiv thaiv khov ua tiav, sau ib qho uas tuaj yeem ntsuas tau ntawm cov khoom khov thiab, qhov cuam tshuam, tom qab kev tswj thaw los yog daim ntawv thov xeem.

"100% kiwifruit" kuj xav tau kev pov thawj ntau dua li qhov kev xav. Tshawb xyuas cov khoom siv rau cov suab thaj, syrups, acids, calcium ntsev, antioxidants, coatings los yog lwm yam tshaj tawm ntxiv. Cov khoom xyaw ntxiv tsis yog feem ntau hloov pauv cov keeb kwm ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm kiwi daim, tab sis nws tuaj yeem hloov lub npe raug cai, daim ntawv lo, kev tsim, tshuaj xyuas kev ua xua, kev noj haus thiab kev lis kev cai ntawm cov khoom.

Packing belongs rau tib txoj saw kev pom zoo. Sab hauv- zaj duab xis qauv, foob zoo, rooj plaub lub zog, daim ntawv lo thiab ntau coding cuam tshuam rau kev tuav thiab traceability txawm tias tsis muaj leej twg hloov cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Thaum koj tab tom txhais cov teb, XMSD txheej txheem cej luam ntawmkhov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntim cov kev xaiv thiab cov tshevmuab qhov chaw siv tau los sib piv cov kev txiav txim siab ntim sab hauv thiab sab nraud.

Tig lub Classification Answer rau hauv Kev Txiav Txim Txais

Rau ib lo lus nug zaub mov txhua hnub, "kiwi yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab botanically ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo" ua tiav. Rau kev txiav txim siab yuav, siv tus kheej li thawj kab thiab sim cov yam ntxwv uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam koj daim ntawv thov. Pib nrog cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog tus kheej, tshuaj xyuas qhov khov los yog tshiab, ntsuas cov yam ntxwv pom zoo, khiav daim ntawv thov npaj thiab khaws cov txiaj ntsig pom zoo raws li qhov sib piv.

Thaum tau txais cov khoom khov, kos cov ntaub ntawv thiab sab hauv - pob kev ncaj ncees, daim ntawv lo thiab ntau qhov sib tw, cov khoom kub raws li koj qhov kev pom zoo, clumping los yog sib cais, xim, pom cov khoom txawv teb chaws thiab cov ntawv tshaj tawm. Tom qab ntawd thaw ib qho piv txwv nkaus xwb yog tias qhov kawg siv cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm thawed. Sau cov qauv loj, txoj kev, lub sijhawm thiab qhov kub thiab txias yog li qhov ntau ntxiv yog txiav txim rau tib lub hauv paus. Ib daim ntawv tsis meej xws li "kev ntxhib los mos zoo" tsis tuaj yeem txhawb qhov kev txiav txim siab tso tawm rov qab.

    Ua haujlwm ntau piv txwv:Piv txwv li ib pob khoom noj muaj 10 kg net thiab koj cov mis nyuj haus siv 20 g ntawm kiwi tsuav rau ib qho kev pab. Hloov pob rau grams thiab faib: 10 kg × 1, 000=10,000 g; 10,000 g ÷ 20 g=500 theoretical servings. Yog tias koj qhov kev sim tswj tau pom 4% kev tuav pov hwm poob, qhov khoom siv tau yog 10,000 g × 0.96=9, 600 g, thiab 9,600 g ÷ 20 g=480 servings. Cov khoom xyaw tseem yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si xam; txiav qhov sib xws, sib cais thiab siv tau cov txiaj ntsig txiav txim siab qhov tshwm sim.

Kev suav yog qhov piv txwv, tsis yog cov lus cog tseg pob loj lossis tawm los. Hloov 10 kg, 20 g thiab 4% nrog koj qhov hnyav hnyav, daim ntawv qhia noj thiab ntsuas qhov poob. Txoj kev no tiv thaiv pawg lus teb los ntawm kev ua yuam kev rau cov lus teb yuav khoom. "txiv hmab txiv ntoo" qhia koj tias cov khoom xyaw yog dab tsi; cov specification thiab sim qhia koj ntau npaum li cas cov khoom siv tau lub pob khoom xa tuaj.

Khaws cov ntaub ntawv ua raws cov npe khoom, kos npe tshwj xeeb, daim ntawv kos duab, daim ntawv pov thawj lossis daim ntawv xeem, cov ntawv ntim khoom thiab tshuaj xyuas tuaj txog. Yog tias ib daim ntawv hais tias "kiwi txiv hmab txiv ntoo," lwm tus hais tias "kub kiwi," thiab cov thawv ntawv qhia tsuas yog "kub dice," nres thiab rov sib kho tus kheej ua ntej tso tawm. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj zoo tsis yog cov lus qhia ntxiv; nws yog ib txoj saw zoo sib xws los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm rau cov khoom koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas.

Plaub lo lus nug daws teeb meem feem ntau ntawm kiwi npe

• Nws yog dab tsi botanically?Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo noj tau los ntawm qhov tshaj tawm Actinidia; tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, ib tug berry.
• Daim ntawv ua lag luam yog dab tsi?Fresh tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo los yog ib daim ntawv teev cov txheej txheem xws li peeled tag nrho, slices, tsuav los yog puree.
• Qhov kev ntsuas twg tswj kev lees txais?Cov qib tshiab thiab qhov hnyav, lossis khov- cov khoom siv rau kev txiav, qhov tsis xws luag, sib cais, cov khoom xyaw thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim ntawv thov.
• Txoj cai twg siv tau?Lub npe hu ua standard edition, destination labeling rules and documented customs decision for that products state.

Teb cov lus nug nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim thiab cov terminology yuav tswj tau. Yog tias qhov kev tsis pom zoo tseem nyob, txheeb xyuas qhov chaw nyob hauv qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Ib tug botanist thiab tus kws lis haujlwm kev lis kev cai tuaj yeem siv lo lus kev faib tawm thaum txiav txim siab txhua yam sib txawv. Hloov ib lo lus nrog "botanical tus kheej," "chav kawm tshiab," "frozen form" lossis "tariff code" feem ntau nthuav tawm cov pov thawj dab tsi uas ploj lawm.

Teb kawg

Kiwi yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tsis yog zaub, thiab nws cov hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau meej yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsim los ntawm cov paj Actinidia, muaj ntau cov noob embedded thiab kho raws li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv cov zaub mov zoo tib yam thiab tsim cov lus. Cov ntawv ntsuab, kub thiab kiwiberry tsis hloov cov lus teb yooj yim.

Rau cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm, tsis txhob nug ib lo lus cais kom nqa tag nrho cov lus qhia. Sau ntawv botanical lossis cultivar tus kheej qhov twg muaj feem, tom qab ntawd hais cov chav kawm tshiab lossis daim ntawv ua tiav, txiav, cov khoom xyaw, pob thiab kev lees paub cais. Siv cov qauv qauv tsim nyog thiab qhov kev txiav txim siab qhov chaw rau qib, daim ntawv lo thiab kev kho tus nqi. Qhov kev sib txawv ntawd ua rau cov lus teb yooj yim tshawb fawb los ntawm kev ua ib qho kev txiav txim tsis meej.

Cov ntaub ntawv

• Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew -Actinidia chinasisvar.deliciosa
• Tsev khaws puav pheej National d'Histoire naturelle - Kiwi cog cov cim thiab cov lus piav qhia ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo
• Washington State University Extension - Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo lossis Zaub? Nws nyuaj
• UNECE Standard FFV-46 hais txog kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam zoo tswj ntawm kiwifruit, 2023 tsab
• UNECE - Tam sim no cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub tshiab cov qauv ntsuas
• UNECE - 2026 cov lus qhia txog kiwifruit sizing cov cai
• XMSD kev ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv khov-cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo specification, IQF daim ntawv tshuaj xyuas, ntim thiab B2B kev sib koom ua haujlwm xa tawm.