Ceev- Cov Zaub Frozen: Txheej Txheem, Zoo, thiab Kev Qhia Cov Neeg Yuav Khoom

Ceev- cov zaub khov yog cov zaub uas npaj rau hauv ib daim ntawv uas tsim nyog, khov sai heev los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias uas feem ntau cov dej khov muaju, thiab tom qab ntawd tswj xyuas hauv cov xwm txheej khov. Lo lus piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem tswj hwm, tsis yog zaub tsuas yog muab tso rau hauv chav txias heev. Raws li Codex tus qauv rau kev ceev- cov zaub khov, cov txheej txheem tsis ua tiav kom txog thaum cov khoom nce mus txog −18℃ntawm nws qhov chaw thermal tom qab kub stabilization. Tom qab ntawd cov khoom yuav tsum tau khaws cia ntawm -18℃lossis txias dua los ntawm txoj hlua txias, raws li kev tso cai kam rau ua.

Ib tsob nroj tuaj yeem siv huab cua ntawm −30℃, −35℃, lossis lwm qhov kev siv tau, tab sis lub freezer qhov chaw ib leeg tsis ua pov thawj tias cov zaub tau nrawm - khov kom raug. Qhov loj me, qhov tob tob, qhov kub thiab txias, huab cua ceev, hom khoom siv, lub sijhawm nyob, dej ntog, thiab qhov chaw sov tshaj plaws hauv cov khoom txhua qhov cuam tshuam rau qhov tshwm sim. Cov zaub feem ntau kuj tau ntxuav, npaj, blanched thaum xav tau, txias, ntws, tshuaj xyuas, ntim, thiab khaws cia khov. Cov neeg yuav khoom yog li ntawd yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam cov txheej txheem ua tiav thiab ua tiav - cov khoom ua tau zoo dua li kev cia siab rau ib qho kev thov kub.

Quick{0}}Frozen txhais li cas?

Codex txhais ceev khov los ntawm qhov tshwm sim rau cov zaub mov, tsis yog los ntawm kev sau ib lub freezer thoob ntiaj teb - huab cua kub. Kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum txav cov khoom sai sai los ntawm qhov ntau ntawm cov dej khov crystallization siab tshaj plaws. Tom qab thermal stabilization, lub chaw thermal - qhov taw tes uas tseem sov tshaj plaws ntawm qhov kawg ntawm khov - yuav tsum ncav cuag −18℃. Qhov kev sib txawv no tseem ceeb vim tias kev nyeem ntawv ntawm −35℃ntsuas cov khoom siv ib puag ncig, thaum qhov tshwj xeeb cuam tshuam txog cov khoom.

Ceev- khov thiab IQF muaj feem cuam tshuam tab sis tsis yog cov lus piav qhia zoo ib yam. Ib qho sai - cov khoom khov tuaj yeem ntim tau raws li cov khoom sib txawv, feem, lossis ib qho thaiv. IQF txhais tau hais tias Tus Kheej Ceev Txias thiab feem ntau yog siv thaum peas, pob kws kernels, zaub ntug hauv paus tsuav, taum ntsuab, edamame, los yog florets yuav tsum nyob twj ywm dawb - ntws. Codex piav qhia txog cov khoom pub dawb - ntws raws li ib qho uas nws cov chav nyob tsis tau daig ua ke rau qhov uas lawv tsis tuaj yeem sib cais yooj yim thaum khov. PebIQF txhais lus qhiapiav qhia txog qhov kev sib txawv ntawm qhov kev sib tw no.

Kev sib cais ntawm tus kheej yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig thaum lub tsev noj mov xav tau kev tswj hwm ib feem, tus neeg muag khoom xav tau ncuav ib feem ntawm lub hnab, lossis lub Hoobkas yuav tsum muab cov khoom ntim rau hauv daim ntawv qhia. Thaiv khov tseem tuaj yeem ua tau zoo thaum cov khoom yuav raug thawed, pureed, los yog ua tiav ua tiav batch. Hom ntawv raug raws li daim ntawv thov; lo lus IQF yuav tsum tsis txhob raug kho raws li qib tsis siv neeg zoo.

Cov txheej txheem ceev -Frozen Zaub

Cov txheej txheem pib ua ntej lub freezer. Kev khov kho tuaj yeem khaws cov txiaj ntsig zoo uas twb muaj nyob hauv cov zaub nyoos, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem kho dua - kev loj hlob, kev puas tsuaj hauv teb, tsis zoo tsw, fiber ntau, lwj, lossis ua ntej ua ntej - ua haujlwm qeeb. Txhua zaub yog li xav tau nws tus kheej raw- cov ntaub ntawv kom loj hlob, ntau yam, qhov loj me, qhov tsis xws luag, thiab cov txheej txheem tuav.

1. Txais thiab xaiv cov zaub nyoos.Tshawb xyuas tus kheej, kev loj hlob, xim, kev huv, kev puas tsuaj, thiab tsim nyog rau kev txiav thiab daim ntawv thov.
2. Ntxuav thiab cais.Tshem tawm cov av, cov khib nyiab, cov khoom puas, kab tsuag, thiab lwm yam khoom siv tsis xav tau siv cov txheej txheem tsim nyog rau cov zaub.
3. Npaj daim ntawv teev tseg.Trimming, tev, shelling, slicing, dicing, chopping, los yog sib cais florets tsim cov qhov ntev uas yuav cuam tshuam tom qab blanching, khov, ua noj, thiab tawm los.
4. Blanch lossis siv lwm cov enzyme uas tau lees paub - tswj cov kauj ruam thaum xav tau.Qhov xav tau, txoj kev, lub sijhawm, thiab qhov kub thiab txias sib txawv ntawm cov zaub, daim loj, kom loj hlob, thiab siv tiav.
5. Txias thiab ntws.Kev ua kom txias nrawm nrawm txuas ntxiv cua sov, thaum cov kua dej tsim nyog txo cov dej khov thiab clumping yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom me me.
6. Ceev- khov cov khoom.Airflow, khoom thauj khoom, lub sijhawm nyob hauv, lub freezer muaj peev xwm, cov khoom raug, thiab qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum ua haujlwm ua ke kom ua tiav qhov xav tau ntawm qhov chaw thermal.
7. Tshawb xyuas thiab ntim.Frozen sorting, size and defect checks, txawv teb chaws -khoom siv, tswj qhov hnyav, pob sealing, coding, thiab ib qho kev txheeb xyuas cov kauj ruam tiv thaiv ntau tshaj tawm.
8. Khaws thiab thauj los ntawm cov saw hlau txias tswj.Cov txheej txheem khov uas tsim hauv kev tsim khoom yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev cia, thauj khoom, thauj, faib, thiab txais.

Cov kab ke no yog ib lub moj khaum, tsis yog ib daim ntawv qhia. Spinach, peas, broccoli, pob kws qab zib, carrots, dos, peppers, nceb, thiab zaub sib xyaw tsis xav tau kev npaj zoo ib yam. Piv txwv li, cov khoom uas muaj nplooj thiab cov txiv laum huab xeeb ntom ntom sib txawv hauv kev hloov pauv cua sov, tshem tawm cov dej, cov khoom puas tsuaj, kev pheej hmoo tsis zoo, thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm ua noj. Tus neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum tau thov cov dej ntws uas siv rau cov khoom muaj npe es tsis lees txais daim duab kos duab ua pov thawj rau txhua yam zaub.

Vim li cas Blanching yuav tsum yog cov khoom lag luam -Specific

Kev khov qeeb qeeb enzyme kev ua haujlwm tab sis yuav tsum tsis txhob piav qhia tias yog kev tso tseg txhua qhov kev tawm tsam enzyme. Ntau cov zaub yog luv luv rau hauv dej los yog chav dej ua ntej khov los tswj cov enzymes uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov xim tsis zoo, tsw, lossis kev ntxhib los mos hloov thaum khaws cia. Codex yog li teev blanching lossis enzyme deactivation ntawm cov kev npaj ua haujlwm siv nyob ntawm cov khoom.

Thaum tshav kub kub tsis tau zoo dua. Tsis txaus blanching yuav ua rau cov enzyme residual ntau dhau; ntau blanching yuav soften cov ntaub so ntswg, dull tsw, hloov xim, nce dej uptake, los yog txo ua noj ua haus kam rau ua. Kev tswj xyuas muaj txiaj ntsig yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom lag luam, qhov ntev, qhov kub thiab txias, lub sij hawm raug, cua txias, thiab ib txoj kev tshawb xyuas tsim nyog. Ib qho khoom siv teeb tsa tsis muaj cov khoom lag luam thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tsis tiav.

Cov zaub sib xyaw yuav tsum tau saib xyuas ntxiv vim hais tias cov khoom yuav muaj qhov sib txawv, qhov loj me, thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws blanching. Kho cov txiv laum huab xeeb, txiv laum huab xeeb, pob kws pob kws, thiab broccoli floret zoo li yog tias lawv hloov cov cua sov zoo ib yam tuaj yeem tsim cov kev ntxhib los mos los yog cov khoom seem. Yog tias tsim nyog, cov khoom tuaj yeem npaj tau thiab khov rau hauv lawv tus kheej tswj ua ntej sib xyaw rau qhov pom zoo piv. Cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum sim ob qho tib si ntawm tus kheej thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke es tsis txiav txim siab tsuas yog cov tsos khov.

Ice Crystals, Freezing Rate, thiab Texture

Cov ntaub so ntswg muaj dej thiab cov tshuaj yaj, yog li khov tshwm sim ntau yam tsis yog ntawm ib qho chaw thoob ntiaj teb. Raws li cov dej khov, cov theem tsis khov yuav ua kom muaj zog dua. Txoj kev nrawm nrawm los ntawm cov dej khov loj - crystallization ntau yam feem ntau txwv lub sij hawm muaj rau cov muaju loj loj hlob tuaj, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev piv nrog qeeb, tsis muaj kev tswj xyuas khov. Nws tsis tau lees tias txhua lub xovtooj tseem nyob tsis zoo lossis cov zaub thawed yuav muaj qhov zoo ib yam li cov zaub tshiab.

Qhov kev thov tias cov txheej txheem yuav tsum ncav cuag qhov chaw eutectic qhov twg 100% ntawm cov zaub dej khov tsis yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev lag luam ceev khov. Codex es tsis txhob siv qhov ntsuas qhov kawg: −18℃ntawm cov khoom thermal chaw tom qab stabilization. Qee cov dej tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom noj khoom haus ntawm cov khoom khov zoo tib yam - qhov kub thiab txias, thiab cov khoom zoo nyob ntawm qhov ua tiav qhov kub thiab txias, tsis yog cov lus cog tseg uas txhua qhov dej tau dhau los ua dej khov.

Ib qho piv txwv xoob khov yog pab tau tab sis tsis txaus los ntawm nws tus kheej. Kev kub ceev tom qab kev tsim khoom tuaj yeem ua rau recrystallization, Frost, lub cev qhuav dej, thiab clumping txawm tias thawj kauj ruam khov yog suab. Cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum txuas lub ntsej muag khov nrog cov ntaub ntawv kub, pob khoom, kev ua noj ua haus, thiab keeb kwm ntau.

Txias khaws cia zaub mov; Nws Tsis Sterilize Nws

Frozen cia inhibits microbial kev loj hlob thaum cov khoom tseem khov, tab sis khov tsis yog universal tua kauj ruam. FDA cov lus qhia cov neeg siv khoom sau tseg tias khov tsis tua cov kab mob feem ntau, thiab USDA kev taw qhia zoo ib yam li cais cov khov khov los ntawm enzyme thiab tswj kev huv. Cov kab mob uas muaj sia nyob ua haujlwm yuav rov ua haujlwm dua thaum muaj xwm txheej tso cai, yog li kev nyiam huv huv - cov khoom siv, tswj dej, cov khoom siv huv si, kev tiv thaiv kev sib kis, kev ntim khoom zoo, thiab kev ua noj kom tsim nyog lossis lwm yam kev tswj xyuas tseem ceeb.

Cov paib zoo thiab cov pov thawj kev nyab xeeb yuav tsum tau muab cais tawm. Lub freezer hlawv, me me Frost, xim poob, los yog softer kev ntxhib los mos yuav qhia tau tias deterioration zoo yam tsis muaj pov thawj tias ib yam khoom tsis zoo. Hloov pauv, qhov tsos huv si tsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm microbiological. Cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum siv qhov kev pom zoo, kev kuaj xyuas, traceability, thiab tso tawm system es tsis lees txais lossis tsis lees txais ntau ntawm cov xim lossis tsw ib leeg.

Yuav Ua Li Cas Cov Neeg Yuav Txiav Txim Siab-Cov Zaub Qos Zoo

Ib qho kev qhia tseem ceeb pib nrog cov zaub thiab nws qhov kev npaj siv. Cov neeg tsim khoom lag luam yuav tsum txheeb xyuas qhov ntau lossis lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm thaum muaj feem cuam tshuam, kev loj hlob, style, txiav qhov ntev, tso cai faib, xim ntau yam, kev ntxhib los mos tom qab ua noj, thiab tso dej tso tawm. Cov pob khoom muag tuaj yeem ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov pom thiab qhov sib xws; Cov neeg yuav khoom noj khoom haus tuaj yeem muaj nuj nqis rau kev faib thiab ua noj ua haus; factories yuav mob siab rau feem ntau ntawm kev siv tshuaj, tawm los, kev tswj tsis raug, thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm hauv cov khoom tiav.

Kev pom zoo yuav tsum siv cov npe muaj npe tsis zoo dua li cov lus tsis meej xws li "zoo." Codex muab kev cia siab dav dav rau cov yam ntxwv xim, lub suab, kev huv, kev ywj pheej los ntawm cov khoom txawv teb chaws, ib txwm tsw thiab tsw, thiab cov khoom lag luam - cov kev cai tshwj xeeb hauv nws cov khoom ntxiv. Daim ntawv cog lus ua lag luam tuaj yeem txhais cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam rau hauv txoj hauv kev tshuaj xyuas, qhov loj me, kev ua siab ntev, thiab kev txiav txim rau ntau qhov tsis sib xws.

Rau IQF zaub, tshuaj xyuas kev sib cais, clumps, cov dej khov saum npoo, cov khoom tawg, txiav kev faib tawm, hloov xim, cov khoom siv zaub ntxiv, thiab ntim kev ncaj ncees thaum cov qauv tseem khov. Tom qab ntawd ua noj lossis ua haujlwm raws li qhov tseeb. Sau cov xim, tom, tsw, dej tso tawm, tawm los, cov khoom ncaj ncees, thiab tuav kev ua haujlwm. Cov qauv yuav tsum sawv cev rau cov lus qhia ntau lawm; ib daim duab ntxim nyiam los yog ib qho txawv txawv uas xaiv tes tsis yog qhov hloov pauv rau cov pov thawj ntau dua.

QA pab pawg yuav tsum txuas cov ntawv pov thawj thiab cov ntawv ceeb toom mus rau qhov chaw tiag tiag, cov khoom lag luam, cov lus xav tau, thiab ntau ntau. Nyob ntawm kev ua lag luam thiab kev pom zoo, cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj yuav suav nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb, kev tshaj tawm thiab cov khoom ua xua, cov ntaub ntawv txheeb xyuas tau, cov txiaj ntsig microbiological lossis seem seem, txheej txheem - tswj cov ntaub ntawv, tshuaj xyuas daim ntawv lo, thiab cov ntaub ntawv xa khoom. Qhov yuav tsum tau muaj yuav tsum tau pom zoo ua ntej ntau lawm; ib daim ntawv generic yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tias yuav npog txhua txhua zaub los yog qhov chaw.

Ntim, Txias Chain, thiab tuaj txog txais

Kev ntim khoom yuav tsum tiv thaiv daim ntawv xaiv zaub kom tsis txhob ya raws, kev sib kis, kev foob tsis ua haujlwm, puas tsuaj, crushing, thiab kev tuav khov. Lub hnab ntim khoom tsim nyog, thawv, daim ntawv lo, thiab pallet kev npaj nyob ntawm daim duab, pob qhov hnyav, kev muag khoom, txoj hauv kev hauv tsev rau khoom, kev thauj mus los, thiab cov cai ntawm qhov chaw. Cov khoom ntse -edged thiab floret ilv tsis tsim tib yam puncture los yog compression txaus ntshai.

Txias-Txoj saw txuas txuas ntxiv tom qab lub thawv kaw lawm. Codex hu kom ceev- cov zaub mov khov kom khaws cia ntawm −18℃lossis txias dua los ntawm txoj hlua txias, raws li kev tso cai. Cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum txheeb xyuas qhov ntsuas kub, qhov twg thiab thaum twg nws ntsuas, cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj twg yuav tsum tau, thiab yuav ntsuas qhov kev mus ncig ua si. Cov huab cua kub yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev saib xyuas ib puag ncig, tab sis nws yuav tsis sib npaug ntawm qhov kub ntawm qhov chaw sov tshaj plaws hauv kev thauj khoom.

1. Xauv daim ntawv thov thiab specification

Sau npe zaub, daim ntawv, txiav, npaj ua noj lossis tsim cov txheej txheem, pob hom, hom phiaj, cov qauv tsis xws luag, thiab lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm ua ntej muab sib piv.

2. Pom zoo rau tus qauv tsim

Tshawb xyuas nws khov thiab tom qab ua tiav daim ntawv thov tiag tiag. Sau cov ntsiab lus tau txais kev lees paub kom ntau ntau tuaj yeem muab piv rau tib lub hauv paus.

3. Paub meej cov txheej txheem, ntim, thiab cov ntaub ntawv muaj peev xwm

Txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam, blanching lossis enzyme- tswj cov xwm txheej, tso tawm cov tshev, ntim sab hauv thiab sab nraud, coding, traceability, daim ntawv pov thawj, ntawv ceeb toom, thiab qhov chaw nyob - cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb.

4. Pom zoo rau kev xa khoom thiab kev tswj kub

Txhais kev thauj khoom, kev ntsuas kub, kev tiv thaiv pallet thiab thawv, cov ntaub ntawv muaj, kev ceeb toom lub luag haujlwm, thiab qhov sib txawv yuav raug soj ntsuam li cas.

5. Tshawb xyuas cov khoom xa tuaj thaum tuaj txog

Tshawb xyuas lub foob thiab lub thawv ntim, ntau tus kheej, ntau, daim ntawv lo, cov khoom kub raws li txoj kev pom zoo, clumping, dej khov ntau dhau, lub cev qhuav dej, tsis muaj xim, thiab cov qauv kev ua haujlwm. Quarantine cov khoom tsis meej thaum cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov qauv raug tshuaj xyuas.

Teb kawg

Ceev- cov zaub khov yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem zaub mov tswj, tsis yog ib qho chaw ruaj khov. Cov khoom siv suab nrov, cov khoom siv -kev npaj tshwj xeeb, validated blanching thaum xav tau, ceev khov, ib yam khoom -centre endpoint, haum packing, thiab ib tug ruaj khov saw hlau ua hauj lwm ua ke los khaws cov khoom zoo.

Rau cov neeg yuav khoom, cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj muaj zog tshaj plaws yog cov qauv neeg sawv cev kuaj hauv daim ntawv thov, kev txhawb nqa los ntawm kev ntsuas ntsuas tau, cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam thiab ntau cov ntaub ntawv, thiab kev pom zoo tuaj txog. Kev thov txog −35℃huab cua, dej khov tag, kev ncaj ncees ntawm tes, lossis kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam yuav tsum tsis txhob hloov cov tswj.

Cov ntaub ntawv

• Codex Alimentarius: Standard for Quick{0}}Frozen Vegetables, CXS 320-2015
• Codex Alimentarius: Code of Practice for the processing and handle of Quick Frozen Foods, CXC 8-1976
• FAO: Kho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub
• USDA FSIS: Khov thiab Zaub Mov Kev Nyab Xeeb
• US FDA: Puas yog koj khaws cov zaub mov zoo?