Yog vim li cas Frozen Zaub thiaj li tshwm sim: Lub Zog Tom Qab Pawg

Cov zaub khov khov tau tshwm sim vim tias muaj ntau qhov kev txhim kho thaum kawg ua haujlwm ua ke: khov sai sai txhim kho kev noj qab haus huv zoo, blanching tswj enzyme-tsav deterioration nyob rau hauv ntau cov zaub, thiab txhim khu kev qha ntim, cia, thauj, thiab khw muag khoom lub freezers khaws cov khoom khov tom qab ua tiav. Cov kev nce qib tau teb qhov teeb meem kev lag luam. Cov qoob loo raws caij nyoog tuaj yeem npaj tau ze rau thaj tsam loj hlob, tuav rau tom qab kev faib tawm, thiab muab tso rau hauv kev ntxuav, txiav, sib faib ua qauv tsis yog nyob ntawm qhov muag luv luv ntawm cov khoom tshiab.

Kev thov ces ua rau lub cev ruaj khov. Cov tsev neeg xav tau kev npaj tsawg dua thiab yooj yim dua; Cov neeg ua haujlwm noj zaub mov thiab cov tuam txhab tsim khoom xav tau qee qhov kev kwv yees, kev npaj ua haujlwm, thiab xyoo - kev nkag mus rau cov khoom xyaw. Cov khw muag khoom niaj hnub thiab kev xaj online tau nthuav dav, tab sis lawv tsis tsim cov qeb los ntawm lawv tus kheej. Cov zaub khov khov ua tiav tsuas yog thaum cov khoom nyoos- cov khoom zoo, cov khoom lag luam- kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb, kev tiv thaiv pob, thiab cov saw hlau tsis sib haum xeeb txhawb kev siv. Lub hauv paus laj thawj rau lawv qhov tshwm sim yog li ntawd tsis yog ib qho kev tsim kho lossis ib qho kev ua neej nyob. Nws yog convergence ntawm zaub mov science, infrastructure, qoob loo mov, thiab yooj yim cov khoom tsim.

Qeb xav tau ntau tshaj lub Freezer

Cov zaub mov khov yog qhov qub; ib qho scalable khov- pawg zaub yog niaj hnub. Lub caij ntuj no txias tuaj yeem khaws cov zaub mov hauv qhov chaw tsawg, tab sis cov khoom lag luam yuav tsum tau rov ua dua thiab ib txoj hauv kev khaws cov khoom khov ntawm cov nroj tsuag rau cov neeg siv. Lub tshuab khov tsis muaj cov zaub tsim nyog, ua ntej, ntim khoom, khaws cia, xa tawm, thiab cov neeg siv khoom khov yuav tsim cov khoom khov ib ntus, tsis yog lub khw muag khoom.

Cov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog yooj yim dua los txiav txim raws li kev sib txuas lus. Txhua qhov kev daws teeb meem sib txawv, thiab txhua tus tseem muaj qhov xwm txheej uas txiav txim siab seb nws puas muaj nqis.

Qhov kev pom no kuj kho ib qho kev sib txawv. Cov qoob loo ntau dua tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov zaub khov, thiab cov neeg siv khoom tsis khoom tsis ua kom cov khoom khov khov tau txais. Kev muab khoom tsim muaj lub cib fim; cov txheej txheem tswj thiab thov txiav txim seb cov khoom puas tuaj yeem tau txais rov siv dua.

Kev khov sai sai thiab Blanching ua tau zoo dua qhov xav tau

Cov dej hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ua dej khov thaum lub caij khov. Kev khov qeeb qeeb feem ntau tso cai rau cov pob zeb loj dua tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlwb puas thiab ua kom softening lossis drip tom qab thawing. Kev khov sai dua txav cov khoom los ntawm cov dej khov tseem ceeb - crystals tsim ntau sai dua. Qhov ntawd tuaj yeem txhim kho kev sib cais thiab kev ntxhib los mos, tab sis nws tsis ua rau txhua yam zaub zoo ib yam li tshiab. Ntau yam, kom loj hlob, txiav qhov ntev, pretreatment, freezer load, cia, thiab ua noj ua haus tseem cuam tshuam qhov tshwm sim.

Blanching daws qhov teeb meem sib txawv. Ntau cov zaub txuas ntxiv hloov pauv vim yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm enzymes txawm tias kev ua kom qeeb qeeb. Kev kho cua sov tswj tau tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov enzymes tseem ceeb ua ntej khov, tab sis kev kho mob yuav tsum haum rau cov zaub thiab cov khoom siv. Kev kho me me dhau lawm yuav ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tsis zoo; Kev kho mob ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau kev ntxhib los mos los yog ua rau poob dej ntau ntxiv - cov khoom soluble. Qee cov khoom siv lwm cov tshuaj ua ntej, yog li blanching yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tias los ntawm lo lus khov ib leeg.

FAO cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm tau sau tseg tias cov khoom lag luam khov khov tau tshwm sim ua ntej Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, thaum kev lag luam nthuav dav ntxiv tom qab kev tshawb fawb txog kev ua zaub mov thiab ua cov txheej txheem txhim kho hauv xyoo 1940s. Qhov kev sib txawv ntawd tseem ceeb: qhov kev tsim kho tau qhib qhov rooj, tab sis kev rov ua dua tshiab tsim kev ntseeg siab. Cov neeg yuav khoom niaj hnub tuaj yeem tshuaj xyuas cov piv txwv ntawm kev ntxuav, steaming, khov, sorting, thiab tshuaj xyuas cov khoom ntawm XMSDkhov- cov khoom siv ua zaub mov nplooj, thaum lees paub tias cov duab cov cuab yeej tsis hloov cov khoom lag luam - cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb.

Ib Nruam Txias Chain ua cov khoom lag luam

Kev khov zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov khoom uas pheej rov ua kom sov thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia thiab xa tawm. Kev ua lag luam txais yuav yog li ntawd nyob ntawm ntau dua li kev ua haujlwm ceev. Nws xav tau chav txias txias, thauj tub yees, faib lub freezers, khw muag khoom, lub zog txhim khu kev qha, cov pob khoom tsim nyog, thiab kev ua haujlwm ua haujlwm uas ua rau cov dej khov tsis tu ncua.

Codex piav qhia txog kev khov sai sai raws li cov txheej txheem ua tiav thaum cov khoom tau mus txog thermal stabilization ntawm -18℃lossis txias dua ntawm nws qhov chaw thermal, thiab nws cov cai ntawm kev coj ua tau kho cov kab mob khaub thuas raws li qhov txuas txuas ntxiv los ntawm kev tau txais thiab ua tiav los ntawm kev thauj, khaws cia, thiab muag khoom. Qhov chaw lub freezer nominal tsis zoo ib yam li cov khoom keeb kwm. Lub qhov rooj qhib, hloov mus qeeb, cov khoom siv ntau dhau, cov teeb meem puas, thiab kev thauj khoom tsis zoo tuaj yeem hloov qhov tuaj txog txawm tias qhov ntsuas kub tom qab nyeem ntawv zoo li siv tau.

Ntim belongs rau tib lub cev. Nws pab txwv tsis pub muaj dej tsis zoo, kis kab mob, hloov cov ntxhiab, thiab kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev, thaum coding txuas lub pob rau ntau heev. Qhov kev tsim kho vaj tse no piav qhia tias vim li cas cov zaub khov tau kis tau thaum lub tub yees tau muaj nyob thoob plaws kev faib khoom thiab tsev. Cov neeg nyeem uas xav tau cov kab lus dav dav tuaj yeem pom XMSD phau ntawv qhia raukeeb kwm ntawm cov khoom noj khov; zaj lus qhia tswv yim ntawm no yog cov qeb tshwm sim tsuas yog thaum tag nrho txoj kev tuaj yeem txhawb nqa nws.

Cov qoob loo raws caij nyoog dhau los ua xyoo-Cov khoom xyaw

Cov qoob loo sau qoob loo yog tsom rau lub sijhawm, thaum tsev neeg, kev pabcuam zaub mov, thiab kev tsim khoom xav tau txuas ntxiv mus rau xyoo. Kev khov kho tau tsim ib txoj hauv kev los ntxuav, qib, txiav, thiab khaws cov qoob loo uas tsim nyog nyob ze rau lub sijhawm tsim khoom, tom qab ntawd tso cov khoom muag los ntawm lub qhov rais tis ntev dua. Nws kuj tau tso cai rau cov khoom lag luam kom ncav cuag kev lag luam nyob deb yam tsis tau yuam txhua qhov muag rau hauv lub qhov rais luv luv ntawm cov khoom tshiab.

Qhov no tsis tau hloov cov khoom siv tsis zoo rau hauv cov khoom zoo. USDA cov keeb kwm khov nab kuab- cov khoom noj khoom haus tau hais txog cov khoom noj uas tsim nyog, cov khoom siv suab nrov, sai sai teb - mus rau - cog qoob loo, kho kom raug, kom khov sai, tiv thaiv ntim, huv si, thiab khaws cia zoo ib yam. Txias khaws cia qhov tsis muaj zog thiab cov yam ntxwv xav tau. Overmaturity, ncua sij hawm, kev puas tsuaj, tsis sib xws trimming, los yog ntau yam tsis haum yuav nyob twj ywm pom tom qab ua thiab ua noj.

Tsis yog cov khoom khov khov tshem tawm txhua qhov khoom txaus ntshai. Cov qoob loo muaj, muaj peev xwm ua raws caij nyoog, kev siv hluav taws xob, qhov chaw warehouse, xav tau kev kwv yees, thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm qhov chaw tseem zoo li tus nqi thiab txuas ntxiv. Lub suab yuav lo lus nug tsis yog tsuas yog seb cov zaub puas muaj khov. Nws yog seb qhov dej khov tshwj xeeb, ntau txoj kev npaj, thiab qhov system cia tuaj yeem xa cov khoom siv tau zoo thaum daim ntawv thov xav tau.

Yooj Yim Tsim Nrawm Xav Tau

Technology tsim cov khoom ua tau; yooj yim tsim rov thov. Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Canada hais txog qhov zoo ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom paub txog hauv tsev: ntau cov zaub khov tau raug ntxuav thiab txiav, tuaj yeem siv rau qhov xav tau, siv sijhawm ntev dua li cov khoom tshiab, thiab txuas ntxiv kev xaiv dhau lub caij tshiab. Cov yam ntxwv no txo ​​qis kev sib txhuam kev npaj, tab sis lawv tsis ua pov thawj rau kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb tias khov ib txwm qis dua - nqi lossis zoo dua. Nqe, hluav taws xob, pob loj, txoj kev ua noj, thiab pov tseg los ntawm lwm txoj kev tshiab txhua yam cuam tshuam rau kev sib piv.

Foodservice thiab kev tsim khoom ntxiv lwm qhov kev xav tau hauv paus. Kev txiav tawm ua ntej tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim rau kev npaj ua haujlwm, sib faib, tswj daim ntawv qhia, thiab kev yuav khoom thoob plaws qhov chaw. Cov khoom lag luam xoob tuaj yeem tso cai ntsuas kev siv los ntawm lub pob loj dua, thaum lub hom phiaj thaiv yuav haum rau lub puree, filling, lossis siab - ntim txheej txheem. Tus nqi nyob ntawm qhov siv tau tom qab ua noj, tsis yog lub hnab hnyav ib leeg. Kev tawg, drips, qhov loj me, luas, thiab kev ua haujlwm cua sov tuaj yeem hloov tus nqi tiag tiag ntawm ib feem tiav.

Cov kev taw qhia kev lag luam nyob sab Europe tam sim no los ntawm CBI txuas ntxiv txheeb xyuas qhov yooj yim thiab yooj yim - los - npaj cov khoom raws li cov neeg xav tau tseem ceeb, suav nrog cov khw muag khoom, kev pabcuam zaub mov, zaub mov npaj, thiab cov ntawv ntiag tug- cov ntawv sau. Cov khw muag khoom noj hauv online tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv qhov kev nkag mus rau qhov chaw khov kawg - mais kev tuav tau, tab sis cov channel tsis tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntawm qhov txias txias. Cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum paub qhov txawv ntawm cov zaub dawb los ntawm cov khoom nrog cov kua ntses, seasoning, roj, lossis lwm yam khoom xyaw; lub freezer hom ib leeg tsis txhais cov tais kawg.

Frozen Tsis txhais hais tias zoo ib yam li tshiab - lossis Npaj noj

Frozen zaub tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo vim tias lawv muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov zoo, sijhawm, cia, thiab sib xws. Lawv tsis tshem tawm cov zaub tshiab. Fresh tej zaum yuav zoo dua rau cov nqaij nyoos los yog cov khoom lag luam uas cov qauv cellular yog lub hauv paus. Frozen pieces yuav ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv cov kua zaub, do-fries, filling, sab tais diav, purees, sauces, los yog manufacturing kauj ruam nyob rau hauv qhov kev faib thiab xyoo- puag ncig muaj tseem ceeb tshaj. Daim ntawv thov txiav txim siab seb hom twg zoo dua.

Khoom noj khoom haus kuj xav tau kev sib piv tsim nyog. Ib xyoo 2015 txoj kev tshawb fawb txog yim txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub tau pom qhov ntsuas cov vitamin cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv khov khov sib piv rau cov qauv tub yees thiab qee zaum siab dua, tab sis cov qauv txawv ntawm cov khoom thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus; beta-carotene qis dua hauv ntau cov zaub khov. Qhov kev txiav txim siab tiv thaiv tsis yog qhov khov kho khaws txhua yam lossis qhov tshiab ib txwm poob. Ntau yam, kev sau qoob loo, blanching, khov cia, tshiab- lub sijhawm khaws cia, kev npaj, thiab ua noj hloov pauv qhov sib piv.

Thaum kawg, khov yog txheej txheem khaws cia, tsis yog thov kom tsis muaj menyuam. Qee cov zaub yog blanched rau kev tswj enzyme, tab sis cov kauj ruam ntawd tsis cia li ua kom cov khoom npaj noj. Cov txheej txheem ua noj yuav tsum yog los ntawm cov txheej txheem siv tau, kev qhia tshwj xeeb, thiab daim ntawv lo. Cov neeg yuav khoom thiab cov neeg siv yuav tsum khaws cov nqaij nyoos los yog npaj ua ntej-- ua zaub mov txawv ntawm qhov kev kuaj pom tseeb-rau- noj cov khoom thiab ua raws li cov lus qhia tuav thiab ua noj.

Dab tsi Thawj Tsav Tsheb txhais tau tias rau cov neeg yuav khoom niaj hnub no

Tib lub zog uas tsim cov qeb tam sim no muab txoj hauv kev tshawb xyuas. Tus neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum txuas cov khoom ua tau zoo rau kev ua, npaj npaj, thiab txias - cov pov thawj saw hlau es tsis txhob kho cov khov, ceev - khov, lossis IQF raws li cov lus qhia ua tiav. XMSDkhov zaub ntau yamqhia tau hais tias cov khoom siv dav npaum li cas tuaj yeem sib txawv; kev lees txais tseem yuav tsum tau txhais rau lub hom phiaj channel.

Daim ntawv thov haum pib nrog tus qauv tsim

Ntsuam xyuas tib daim ntawv uas yuav raug txiav txim: zaub tus kheej, ntau yam khoom siv, kev loj hlob, kev txiav, qhov loj me, cov txheej txheem blanching, cov khoom xyaw, IQF lossis thaiv hom, qhov tsis xws luag, ntim, thiab ua noj ua haus. Khiav nws los ntawm daim ntawv qhia tiag tiag lossis kab ntau lawm. Sib piv kev sib cais, tawg, drip, usable yield, cua sov sib xws, kev ntxhib los mos, xim, thiab qhov ua tiav pom qhov tshwm sim.

Lub teeb liab txaus ntshai tshwm sim thaum tus qauv tsis muaj tus kheej ntau, cov lus hais siv cov qib tsis meej, lossis cov lus qhia ntau lawm txawv ntawm daim ntawv xeem. Txo qhov tsis paub meej los ntawm kev pom zoo cov qauv ntsuas thiab khaws cov qauv pom zoo lossis cov txiaj ntsig txuas nrog rau qhov kev txiav txim. Kev lees txais yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam rau daim ntawv thov: lub khw muag khoom noj khoom haus, kua zaub hauv paus, puree, thiab filling tsis xav tau tib yam kev ncaj ncees.

Kev muab khoom txuas ntxiv pib ua ntej lub freezer

Tshawb xyuas seb lub caij qoob loo, cov khoom siv raw pom zoo li cas, lub qhov rais ua haujlwm, kev kwv yees, thiab cov phiaj xwm khoom sib txuas. Ib hom ntawv khov tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv muaj, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem rov qab tsis tau sau lossis tshem tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau ntau. Cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum txheeb xyuas seb qhov zoo li cas thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab qhov yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas ua ntej packing lossis xa khoom xa tuaj.

Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj muaj txiaj ntsig suav nrog cov lus pom zoo, kev pom zoo ua qauv, ntau coding, cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj xyuas, cov ntawv ceeb toom xav tau, ntim cov duab kos, thiab cov ntaub ntawv xa khoom. Daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv tsis txaus: cov npe, hnub tim, cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov khoom, ntau, thiab ntau yuav tsum txuas. Qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no yog cov teeb liab muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau dua li tus neeg muag khoom cov lus qhia dav dav tias cov khoom yog tus qauv.

Txias- kev lees txais cov saw hlau xav tau ntau dua ib qho kev nyeem ntawv

Ua ntej xa khoom xa tuaj, txheeb xyuas cov khoom ntim khoom, kev cia siab rau kev sib khi, lub thawv lub zog, coding, pallet tiv thaiv, kev cia khoom, pov thawj kub, thiab tuaj txog - txoj kev tshuaj xyuas. XMSDkhov- zaub mov ntim cov ntsiab luspiav qhia txog yuav ua li cas thawj pob, thawv, pallets, thiab cov tub yees txav ua ib qho kev tiv thaiv.

Thaum tuaj txog, txuas cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas kub nrog lub thawv thiab ntim cov xwm txheej, ntau tus kheej, cov khoom sib cais lossis thaiv, lub cev qhuav dej, cov dej khov, cov dej xau, thiab lwm yam cim ntawm kev tuav keeb kwm. Ib qho kev soj ntsuam tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia txhua qhov sib txawv. Teem ntawv lees txais, tuav, coj mus kuaj, lossis tsis lees paub cov ntsiab lus ua ntej xa khoom xa tuaj kom cov pab pawg zoo tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas tsis tu ncua es tsis txhob txiav txim siab los ntawm ib leeg.

Teb kawg

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov zaub khov yog ib qho kev hloov pauv. Kev khov sai sai thiab cov khoom lag luam- tshwj xeeb pretreatment txhim kho kev tswj hwm zoo; ntim thiab tub yees infrastructure ua kom faib tau; kev ua raws caij nyoog ncua kev siv qoob loo; thiab cov qauv yooj yim tsim tau rov muaj tsev neeg, kev pabcuam zaub mov, thiab kev tsim khoom xav tau. Tsis muaj ib qho laj thawj piav qhia qeb ntawm nws tus kheej.

Cov keeb kwm ntawd tseem ua rau kev yuav khoom. Frozen tus nqi nyob ntawm txoj cai raw khoom, txheej txheem, hom, daim ntawv thov kev xeem, pob, cov ntaub ntawv, thiab txias - chain performance. Thaum cov ntsiab lus sib txuas, cov zaub khov tuaj yeem muab cov txiaj ntsig xyoo -ib puag ncig cov khoom siv thiab kev npaj ua haujlwm. Thaum lawv tsis ua, lo lus khov tsis tuaj yeem them rau qhov tsis muaj zog tshwj xeeb lossis kev tuav tsis zoo.

Cov ntaub ntawv

• FAO - Khov Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo thiab Zaub: Ib qho Kev Ua Lag Luam Agribusiness Alternative
• USDA Agricultural Research Service - Frozen Food That's Freezer Friendly
• Codex Alimentarius - Standard for Quick-Frozen Vegetables, CXS 320-2015
• Codex Alimentarius - Code of Practice for Processing and Handling Quick Frozen Foods, CXC 8-1976
• Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Canada - 10 Vim Li Cas Thiaj Yuav Cov Zaub thiab Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo
• CBI - European Market Potential for Frozen Vegetables
• Bouzari, Holstege thiab Barrett - Vitamin Retention nyob rau yim txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub