Cherry Txiv lws suav Nutrition: Ib feem thiab Frozen Siv|XMSD

Cherry txiv lws suav ntxiv xim, acidity, qab zib thiab cov kua txiv lws suav nrog lub zog me me. USDA FoodData Central siv rau cov txiv lws suav liab liab sau 18 kcal, 3.89 g carbohydrate, 1.2 g fiber, 0.88 g protein, 237 mg poov tshuaj thiab 13.7 mg vitamin C ib 100 g edible feem. Nws kuj teev cov lycopene, liab carotenoid txuam nrog cov txiv lws suav. Cov duab no yog qhov taw qhia taw qhia, tsis yog daim ntawv qhia zaub mov tsis siv neeg rau txhua tus txiv lws suav - ntau yam txiv lws suav lossis cov khoom khov.

Kev txiav txim siab ua lag luam xav tau ntau tshaj li daim ntawv teev cov txiaj ntsig. Qhov hnyav ntawm qhov hnyav hloov txhua qhov kev suav zaub mov; ntau yam thiab ripeness hloov soluble solids thiab tsw; khov hloov qauv; ua noj ua haus hloov cov dej concentration thiab cov zaub mov raug; thiab ntxiv ntsev, roj los yog kua ntses tuaj yeem ua tiav daim ntawv lo. Siv cov grams, cov khoom muag - cov lus qhia txog cov khoom xyaw thiab cov cai sau npe lo lus teb. Tom qab ntawd xaiv tag nrho, ib nrab, hlais lossis crushed khov txiv lws suav los ntawm daim ntawv qhia, tsis yog los ntawm kev thov tias tshiab los yog khov yog universally noj qab haus huv.

Siv 100 g Txiv lws suav Reference kom raug

USDA FoodData Central ID 170457 npog cov txiv lws suav nyoos, liab, siav raws li ib xyoos -ib puag ncig. Cov txiaj ntsig piav qhia txog qhov khoom noj tau zoo, tsis yog qhov hnyav tag nrho ntawm ib lub thawv thiab tsis yog daim ntawv qhia tom qab tso dej los yog ua noj. Cherry txiv lws suav tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm qhov nruab nrab hauv cov teeb meem qhuav, qab zib, acidity, qhov loj me thiab cov ntsiab lus zoo. Kho cov ntaub ntawv raws li pob tshab suav cov hauv paus ntsiab lus thaum koj tau txais cov khoom lag luam -cov chaw kuaj mob tshwj xeeb lossis cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj rau kev siv.

Tshawb xyuas lub hauv paus ntsuas ua ntej muab piv rau ob qhov khoom noj khoom haus. Ib qho tuaj yeem tshaj tawm cov khoom khov raws li muag, lwm yam khoom ntws, thiab ib feem peb ntawm cov tais diav. Kev poob dej tuaj yeem nce cov as-ham rau 100 g yam tsis tsim cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig ntau hauv cov khoom. Kev nce dej los yog kua ntses dilution tuaj yeem ua qhov sib txawv. Sib piv zoo li nyiam thiab khaws cov ntawv ua haujlwm suav.

Xam cov feem hauv Grams, Tsis suav suav

Cov suav suav tau yooj yim rau cov lus qhia hauv chav ua noj tab sis tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab rau kev tswj cov khoom noj khoom haus. Cherry txiv lws suav sib txawv nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla thiab loj, thiab ib tug halved hom tsim ntau daim tsis ntxiv cov zaub mov. Teem daim ntawv qhia hauv grams thiab siv suav tsuas yog raws li kev nthuav qhia kos. Rau cov khw muag khoom ntim khoom, hais txog kev pabcuam hauv cov chav tsev uas xav tau los ntawm qhov chaw thiab txheeb xyuas tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom noj los ntawm qhov hnyav.

    Piv txwv ua haujlwm:Ib pluas mov muaj 75 g ntawm txiv lws suav. Siv USDA raw siv, lub zog yog 18 × 75 ÷ 100=13.5 kcal, carbohydrate yog 3.89 × 75 ÷ 100=2.92 g, fiber yog 1.2 × 75 ÷ 100=0.90 g, thiab poov tshuaj yog 237 × 75 ÷ 100=177.75 mg. Yog hais tias lub tais loj siv 150 g, txhua tus nqi ob npaug. Qhov kev lej lej no yog qhov yooj yim, tab sis tsuas yog siv tau rau qhov kev siv thiab qhov hnyav hnyav.

Tam sim no ntxiv lwm cov khoom xyaw. Kaum tsib grams roj muaj zog ntau dua li cov txiv lws suav, thiab cheese, kho cov nqaij, hnav khaub ncaws los yog salted ntses tuaj yeem ua tus thawj sodium. Yog hais tias cov txiv lws suav yog drained, sau seb qhov kev tshaj tawm yog siv khov net hnyav los yog drained daim ntawv qhia tswv yim. Txiv lws suav -cov duab lag luam hauv nruab nrab tsis tuaj yeem ua pov thawj tias tsis quav ntsej cov qauv tsim.

Rau kev muag khoom thiab kev txiav txim siab pob, lubXMSD supermarket thiab khw muag khoom nploojmuab cov ntsiab lus ntawm channel. Ntxiv cov ntawv pov thawj, cov khoom xyaw thiab kev npaj ua ntej ua tiav daim ntawv lo.

Nkag siab txog Lycopene Tsis Muaj Kev Tshaj Tawm

Lycopene yog liab carotenoid pom nyob rau hauv txiv lws suav thiab txiv lws suav. Nws tus nqi sib txawv nrog ntau yam, ripeness, loj hlob tej yam kev mob, ua thiab cia. Cov xim liab sib sib zog nqus tuaj yeem yog qhov taw qhia muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tab sis tsis hloov kev tshuaj ntsuam thaum tsim los yog thov nyob ntawm tus lej. Tsis txhob luam tawm tus nqi lycopene los ntawm cov txiv lws suav muab tshuaj txhuam rau cov txiv lws suav khov; concentration thiab matrix txawv.

Kev ua haujlwm muaj ob qhov cuam tshuam uas feem ntau poob rau hauv ib qho lus hais. Thaum tshav kub kub, oxygen thiab khaws cia tuaj yeem txo cov lycopene, thaum cov khoom siv cuam tshuam thiab ua noj ua haus tuaj yeem txhim kho lub cev nkag mus rau lycopene uas tseem tshuav. Kev tshuaj xyuas indexed hauv PubMed qhia tias kev ua thiab khov tuaj yeem ua rau qee qhov poob, tias lycopene feem ntau ruaj khov thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia khov thiab cua sov- cov zaub mov tsis muaj tshuaj, thiab qhov bioavailability hauv cov txiv lws suav tuaj yeem siab dua hauv cov txiv lws suav tshiab uas tsis tau ua tiav.

Qhov ntawd tsis ua rau txhua tus txiv lws suav siav zoo tshaj plaws. Bioavailability tsis zoo ib yam li tag nrho cov ntsiab lus, thiab cov tais diav tiav tuaj yeem suav nrog ntsev, qab zib thiab rog. Siv lus ceev faj: txiv lws suav muab lycopene; kev hloov pauv cov ntsiab lus thiab kev nkag tau yooj yim; thiab tsis muaj ib qho kua txiv lws suav lav kev tiv thaiv lossis kev kho mob. Txoj cai thov txoj cai thiab pov thawj tseem siv tau.

Kho cov vitamin C raws li kev ua haujlwm -Sensitive Nutrient

Vitamin C yog rhiab heev rau cua sov, oxygen, lub sij hawm thiab dej poob. Kev khov kho tuaj yeem khaws cov khoom lag luam rau lub sijhawm ntev, tab sis raw- cov khoom siv, blanching yog siv, khov tus nqi, khov cia thiab ua noj tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig kawg. Tsis txhob hais tias IQF "locks nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov vitamin C." Tshawb xyuas cov khoom tiag tiag thaum tus nqi txhawb kev thov khoom noj khoom haus.

Txoj kev ua noj tseem ceeb. Ib tug ntev simmer exposes cov khoom rau ntau cua sov; kev tso dej tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov dej- cov khoom noj uas muaj kuab lom nrog cov kua. Nyob rau hauv ib lub kua zaub los yog ntses qhov twg cov kua noj, lub hauv paus tuav txawv ntawm ib tug drained topping. Tshaj tawm qhov ua tiav cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab tsis txhob sib piv cov nqi nyoos thiab siav ntawm cov khoom sib txawv.

Lub tswv yim xaus tsis yog kom zam kev ua noj. Ua noj rau qhov kev xav, kev nyab xeeb thiab txheej txheem ua rau lub tais xav tau, tom qab ntawd tsim cov khoom tiav. Txiv lws suav muaj xim, acidity, tsw thiab cov as-ham, thaum cov zaub mov tuaj yeem tau txais vitamin C thiab lwm yam khoom noj los ntawm ntau cov khoom xyaw. Daim ntawv qhia ruaj khov thiab daim ntawv lo ncaj ncees yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li qhov siab tshaj plaws -retention slogan.

Txiv lws suav tshiab thiab khov ua haujlwm sib txawv

Cov txiv lws suav tshiab yog qhov kev xaiv muaj zog dua thaum lub tais nyob ntawm daim tawv nqaij tawv, tshiab - txiav firmness thiab unsoked aroma. Cov txiv lws suav khov muaj zog dua thaum cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem siv cov ntaub so ntswg, ua kom tsw qab thiab tso kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thaum tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov ntawv npaj thiab cov khoom muag khov. Kev sib piv cov khoom noj khoom haus tsuas yog muaj txiaj ntsig thaum muaj ntau yam, feem, hnub nyoog, kev npaj thiab noo noo piv.

Kev khov ua rau lub cev puas tsuaj, yog li thawed pieces tso kua thiab muag muag. Qhov no tuaj yeem pab cov kua ntses, kua zaub los yog stew txhim kho sai, tab sis nws tuaj yeem tsim cov pizza ntub dej lossis cov zaub xam lav. Siv ncaj qha-los ntawm- khov ua noj thaum tsim nyog thiab siv tau cov cua sov ntxiv. Yog tias koj thaw, txhais qhov kub thiab txias, lub sijhawm, txoj kev tso dej thiab tso rau hauv tub yees.

CovXMSD khov zaub qebtuaj yeem txhawb nqa ntau- cov kev pab cuam, tab sis tsis txhob hloov qhov kev ntxhib los mos, tawm los lossis khoom noj khoom haus los ntawm lwm cov zaub rau txiv lws suav. Pom zoo txhua yam hauv daim ntawv qhia kawg.

Match lws suav daim ntawv rau ua noj

Tag nrho cov txiv lws suav khov ua kom pom cov khoom rau ci, kua zaub thiab tais zaub mov. Halves txo qis kev hloov pauv cua sov thiab nthuav tawm lub ntsej muag liab dav rau pizza, pasta thiab npaj zaub mov. Slices faib xim nyob rau hauv nyias toppings tab sis muaj ntau yooj yim rau tawg. Crushed los yog diced txiv lws suav yog npaum li cas thaum cov khoom kawg yuav muab sib tov los yog txo.

Xaiv los ntawm kev ua tau zoo, tsis pom kev nyiam. Ntsuas cov khoom ua kom tiav, kev tshem tawm ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tso dej thiab tsw hauv daim ntawv qhia tseeb. Tag nrho cov txiv lws suav tuaj yeem tawg thiab tso kua txiv lig hauv cua sov; ib nrab tuaj yeem tso dej ua ntej tab sis nyob twj ywm yooj yim rau feem. Daim ntawv raug yog ib qho uas muab cov txiaj ntsig xav tau nrog qhov qis tshaj tag nrho kev ua haujlwm thiab pov tseg.

Rau nyias topping hom ntawv, lubXMSD hlais txiv lws suav nploojmuab cov khoom siv tam sim no siv. Qhia qhov tuab, tawg, tawv nqaij, thaw lossis ncaj qha - txoj kev ua noj thiab tso dej tso rau qhov kev txiav txim.

Tshawb xyuas cov khoom xyaw, daim ntawv sau npe thiab kev thov

Paub meej tias lub pob tsuas muaj txiv lws suav lossis suav nrog ntsev, kua qaub, seasoning, roj lossis lwm yam kev kho mob. Cov khoom xyaw hloov pauv tsw, sodium, lub zog thiab thov kev tsim nyog. Ib daim duab khoom tsis tuaj yeem hloov daim ntawv tshaj tawm. Sau cov khoom lag luam raws cai thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov qauv tsim muaj qhov sib luag ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj.

Xaiv cov khoom noj khoom haus raws li qhov xav tau los ntawm qhov chaw: khov li muag, npaj raws li qhia, ntws, lossis lwm daim ntawv teev tseg. Cov ntaub ntawv tawm los thiab noo noo hloov. Siv lub chaw soj ntsuam xyuas thaum cov kev tswj hwm lossis kev lag luam thov kom nws, thiab tshuaj xyuas qhov sib npaug, kev pabcuam loj, siv tau thiab cov lus uas tsim nyog rau qhov chaw tsim nyog- kev txhawb nqa kev lag luam.

Tsis txhob muaj kab mob- cog lus kho mob. Txiv lws suav tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov as-ham thiab kev ua noj ua haus ib txwm, tab sis "tiv thaiv qog noj ntshav," "detoxifies" lossis "kho cov ntshav siab" tsis yog vim muaj lycopene lossis potassium. Txhais cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv muaj tseeb thiab cia tus neeg yuav khoom tsim raws li txoj cai siv.

Tsim cov ntaub ntawv khoom noj khoom haus uas muaj sia nyob rov txiav txim dua

Cov ntaub ntawv khoom lag luam txhim khu kev qha txuas cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov khoom noj khoom haus. Sau cov npe lag luam, cov khoom lag luam, cov lus qhia cov khoom, txiav, kev kho mob, qoob loo lossis cov hauv paus tsim khoom, cov qauv ntau, qhov chaw kuaj lossis cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv, cov txheej txheem kuaj, qhia hnub thiab ya raws. Yog tias tus nqi los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg, sau vim li cas cov ntaub ntawv khoom noj uas tsim nyog sawv cev rau cov khoom thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov twg. Yog tias nws los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas, khaws cov ntawv qhia tag nrho es tsis yog hloov cov lej uas zoo xwb.

Teem ib qho kev hloov pauv. Ntau yam tshiab, cheeb tsam loj hlob, blanching kauj ruam, ntxiv cov khoom xyaw, daim ntawv qhia piv los yog cov lus qhia ntws tuaj yeem ua rau cov pov thawj qub tsis tshua muaj neeg sawv cev. Nws tsis yog ib txwm xav tau lub chaw kuaj xyuas tshiab, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau muaj ntaub ntawv tshuaj xyuas. Sib piv qhov kev hloov pauv nrog cov txiaj ntsig xav tau thiab qhov kev cia siab rau qhov chaw, tom qab ntawd txiav txim siab seb qhov kev suav, cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj lossis kev sim tshiab yog qhov sib npaug.

    Tswv yim piv txwv:Ib lub hnab muag khoom hloov pauv ntawm tag nrho cov txiv lws suav mus rau ib nrab thiab ntxiv tsib-feeb kev qhia dej. Cov txiv lws suav nws tus kheej yuav tsis hloov pauv, tab sis lub hauv paus ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom noj tau zoo tom qab kev npaj tau hloov pauv. Qhov kev txiav txim yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov khoom noj rau ib pob, tshuaj xyuas cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab rov ntsuas cov dej ntws tawm ua ntej pom zoo rau kev kos duab. Kev siv lub vaj huam sib luag qub yam tsis muaj daim tshev no tuaj yeem tsim ib daim ntawv lo - rau - kev npaj tsis sib haum.

Siv qhov tam sim noXMSD khov txiv lws suav nploojtxhawm rau txheeb xyuas daim ntawv hauv qab kev sib tham, tom qab ntawd muab cov kev tswj xyuas tshwj xeeb, tus qauv code thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj. Ib nplooj ntawv lag luam tuaj yeem qhia cov qauv muaj; nws tsis tuaj yeem hloov qhov kev txiav txim - cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb siv rau kev pom zoo daim ntawv lo.

Khaws Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb raws li kev tswj xyuas cais

Ib qho khoom noj khoom haus - cov khoom muaj nplua nuj tsis tuaj yeem siv microbiologically nyab xeeb. Txiv lws suav tuaj yeem tau txais kev sib kis hauv thaj teb, thaum ntxuav, txiav, ntim thiab tom qab tuav. FDA- tuav cov khoom muag- cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb hais txog cov txiv lws suav tshiab los ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb los ntawm kev ua, kev faib tawm, kev pabcuam zaub mov thiab khw muag khoom. Tshawb xyuas seb qhov chaw khov kho tiag tiag tswj cov khoom siv ua liaj ua teb, dej, kev huv huv, cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov khoom siv, cov khoom siv txawv teb chaws thiab traceability.

Txhais tau npaj txhij-rau- noj raws li txoj cai thiab seb puas muaj cov kauj ruam ua kom muaj cua sov tshwm sim. Freezing tsis universally tshem tawm cov kab mob. Sib piv cov txheej txheem microbiological thiab cov qauv kev sim mus rau qhov chaw thiab siv, txheeb xyuas daim ntawv pov thawj, thiab tuav cia khov. Tom qab qhib lossis thawing, tiv thaiv cov txiv lws suav los ntawm kev sib kis - thiab teeb lub qhov rais siv tub yees.

Rau channel-cov lus nug txog kev khiav hauj lwm tshwj xeeb, covXMSD muab kev daws teeb meempab cais cov khw muag khoom, kev pabcuam zaub mov thiab kev ua haujlwm. Muab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj khoom noj khoom haus thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj kev nyab xeeb rau hauv tib cov ntaub ntawv khoom thaum ua kom lawv cov kev txiav txim siab lees paub sib txawv.

Xam cov nqi rau kev ua tiav tiav

Muab piv rau qhov loj uas tseem nyob hauv lub tais. Piv txwv tias cov txiv lws suav khov raug nqi USD 1.80 / kg thiab cov txheej txheem ntws tawm siv 88% ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj. Tus nqi siv tau yog 1.80 ÷ 0.88=USD 2.05 / kg. Ib qho 75 g siv tau ces raug nqi txog USD 0.154 ua ntej ua noj thiab ua haujlwm. Yog tias lwm yam khoom raug nqi USD 1.68 / kg tab sis yields 78%, tus nqi siv tau yog USD 2.15 / kg thiab cov nqi tib yam li USD 0.162.

Qhov yim-feem kaum- ntawm- ib- xees sib txawv ntawm ib qho kev pabcuam yuav tshwm sim me me; hla ib lab servings nws mus txog USD 8,000 ua ntej sorting zog thiab mis hloov. Yog tias daim ntawv qhia siv cov kua txiv lws suav tso tawm, qhov sib txawv tuaj yeem ploj mus. Tsim cov qauv nyob ib ncig ntawm tus txheej txheem, tsis yog ib qho kev sim dej generic. Ntxiv pob qhib poob, cia, kab nrawm, tsis lees paub cov khoom tiav thiab kev hloov pauv khoom noj khoom haus uas cuam tshuam.

Khoom noj khoom haus thiab daim ntawv thov kev pom zoo

Txav mus los ntawm kev sib xyaw kom siv, tom qab ntawd los ntawm kev siv rau daim ntawv lo. Qhov no tiv thaiv lub rooj noj zaub mov txaus nyiam los ntawm kev zais daim ntawv thov tsis zoo. Kos txhua qhov kev tawm tswv yim nrog nws cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj thiab hnub tim, thiab sau cov txiaj ntsig twg yog cov kev suav suav es tsis yog cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam.

Thaum cov qoob loo, cov khoom lag luam, kev txiav lossis kev kho mob hloov pauv, hloov cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj cuam tshuam es tsis txhob luam cov vaj huam sib luag qub. Peb tuaj yeem tshuaj xyuas ib hom txiv lws suav khov tiv thaiv daim ntawv thov, tab sis tus tswv lag luam tseem muaj lub luag haujlwm rau qhov chaw nyob - daim ntawv lo thiab thov kev txiav txim siab. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tam sim no tseem muab kev pabcuam rau cov neeg siv khoom thiab pab pawg ua haujlwm zoo tib yam lus teb thaum tus neeg muag khoom nug seb tus nqi pabcuam tau suav li cas.

Rau kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom xyaw txiv lws suav,xa XMSD koj feem, daim ntawv qhia thiab daim ntawv khoom. suav nrog cov pob, txhua xyoo lossis kev sim ntim, qhov chaw, siv, daim ntawv lo thiab cov ntaub ntawv xav tau yog li peb tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv tsim nyog.

FAQ Txog Cherry Txiv lws suav Nutrition thiab Frozen Siv

Muaj pes tsawg calorie ntau ntau hauv 100 g ntawm txiv lws suav?

USDA cov txiv lws suav liab liab cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog 18 kcal ib 100 g edible feem. Cherry ntau yam thiab cov khoom khov tuaj yeem sib txawv, yog li siv cov khoom siv tiag tiag cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj rau cov ntawv tswj hwm thiab suav cov kev pabcuam hauv grams.

Ua noj puas rhuav tshem lycopene hauv txiv lws suav?

Kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem txo qee cov lycopene, tab sis cov cua sov thiab matrix cuam tshuam tuaj yeem ua rau cov lycopene ntxiv rau bioavailable. Cov ntsiab lus thiab bioavailability yog txawv. Ntsuas cov khoom ua tiav tiav thiab tsis txhob hloov qhov nuance no mus rau hauv kab mob- tiv thaiv kev thov.

Puas yog cov txiv lws suav khov ua zaub mov zoo li tshiab?

Lawv tseem tuaj yeem muab cov kua txiv lws suav thiab cov carotenoids, tab sis ntau yam, ripeness, ua, cia thiab ua noj ua haus hloov cov khoom noj rau tus kheej. Vitamin C yog qhov rhiab heev, thaum tus cwj pwm lycopene yog qhov nyuaj dua. Sib piv cov khoom lag luam- cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb ntawm tib qho dej noo thiab kev pabcuam.

Dab tsi yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws siv rau khov cherry txiv lws suav?

Lawv muaj zog tshaj plaws hauv daim ntawv thov xws li kua ntses, kua zaub, ci, pizza, pasta, tais zaub mov thiab npaj zaub mov. Xaiv tag nrho, ib nrab lossis hlais los ntawm cua sov, tso dej thiab pom tau - tej yam yuav tsum tau ua. Fresh yog feem ntau zoo dua thaum lub tais nyob ntawm ib qho nqaij nyoos tom.

Cov ntaub ntawv

1. USDA FoodData Central,Txiv lws suav, liab, ripe, nyoos, xyoo puag ncig nruab nrab, FDC ID 170457.
2. Shi thiab Le Maguer,Lycopene hauv txiv lws suav: tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev muaj zog cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ua zaub mov.
3. van het Hof et al.,Carotenoid bioavailability los ntawm cov txiv lws suav ua ntau txoj hauv kev.
4. US FDA,Cov Khoom Siv Tshwj Xeeb Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Nyab Xeeb Khoom Noj rau Cov Txiv lws suav Cov Khoom Siv Tshiab.