Koj puas tuaj yeem khov cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab? Method, Texture and Use Guide

    Yog lawm, koj tuaj yeem khov cov figs tshiab.Xaiv tag nrho siav, suab txiv hmab txiv ntoo; ntxuav nws; tev yog tias xav tau; tawm me me figs tag nrho los yog txiav cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj; tom qab ntawd siv lub pob qhuav, lub tais ntim khoom lossis ntim cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv lub freezer -cov ntim khoom tsim nyog. Cia kom khov sai thiab khaws cov khoom tsis tu ncua.

Qhov kev tsim nyog tseem ceeb yog kev ntxhib los mos. Cov dej khov nab kuab puas ua rau lub cev tsis zoo, yog li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thawed ua softer thiab yuav tso kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nws yog feem ntau zoo dua rau cov kua ntses, compotes, smoothies, bakery fillings, jam los yog puree dua rau lub phaj uas xav tau cov qauv ntawm ib tug tshiab fig.

Kev khov kho khaws cov khoom zoo; nws tsis txhim kho moldy, qaub los yog lwj txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab nws tsis sterilize zaub mov. Xaiv txoj kev los ntawm kev npaj siv: tais - khov rau cov khoom sib cais, ncaj qha pob qhuav kom nrawm, lossis pob syrup thaum cov khoom qab zib qab zib - cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab cov xim zoo nkauj lossis kev ntxhib los mos kom haum rau daim ntawv qhia.

Pib Nrog Siab Ripe, Suab Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo

Lub National Center for Home Food Preservation qhia koj kom xaiv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo siav, ntxuav lawv thiab tev yog tias xav tau. Ripe tsis txhais hais tias lov los yog fermented. Xaiv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas muaj xim zoo nkauj thiab aroma, kev sib tw tab sis siv tau cov nqaij, thiab tsis pom pwm, qaub tsw, dej xim av rot los yog lwj lwj.

Kev khov nyob ze ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov txiv duaj lub neej muaj txiaj ntsig hauv lub cev tsis zoo. USDA piav qhia tias cov zaub mov khov ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws thaws zoo dua li cov khoom noj khov tom qab qhov zoo tau poob lawm. Ua ntej: suab txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau khov, tau txais cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo mos heev rau kev ua noj tam sim, thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lwj rau pov tseg.

Ntxuav cov figs hauv qab dej huv huv thiab ntws zoo. Tshem cov stems thiab puas uas tsis yog - qhov chaw lwj nrog cov tais diav huv. Peeling yog xaiv tau rau tsev khov. Cov tawv nqaij tuaj yeem pab cov khoom tuav ua ke, thaum cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tev tuaj yeem muab cov purée smoother; xaiv raws li daim ntawv qhia tom qab.

    Kev xaiv piv txwv:Los ntawm 30 figs, 22 yog siav thiab tsis zoo, 5 yog mos tab sis suab, 2 yog pom pom pwm thiab 1 tsw ntawm vinegar. Txias lub 22; ua noj 5 suab mos figs tam sim no yog tias daim ntawv qhia npaj txhij; pov tseg lub 3 nrog pwm los yog souring. Tsis txhob muab cov khoom uas lwj mus rau hauv lub freezer batch.

Xaiv Tag Nrho, Halved, Quartered lossis Puréed

Cov figs me tuaj yeem khov tag nrho, thaum cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj yog feem ntau yooj yim rau ntim thiab siv thaum halved lossis quartered. Uniform pieces khov thiab feem ntau kwv yees ntau tshaj li ib lub hnab sib tov tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj nrog me me halves. Kev txiav kuj nthuav tawm cov teeb meem sab hauv uas cov tawv nqaij yuav nkaum.

Xaiv qhov txiav ua ntej khov. Lub khob cij filling yuav xav tau ib nrab los yog coarse pieces; ib tug smoothie yuav txais tag nrho me me figs; ntses los yog dej khov -pop puag tej zaum yuav yooj yim tshaj li purée. Refreezing ib thawed thaiv tsuas yog hloov qhov txiav ntxiv tuav thiab tsis zoo.

Yog hais tias koj purée figs, khov lub purée nyob rau hauv ntsuas daim ntawv qhia units. Sau lub net loj lossis ntim rau ib lub thawv. Ib lub tais ntawm 100 g feem yog yooj yim rau kev tsim dua li qhov tsis muaj cim ob -kilogram tub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tsuas yog ib feem ntawm daim ntawv qhia ua ib zaug.

Tawm hauv chav kom nthuav dav hauv cov thawv ntim khoom nruj. Rau lub hnab, tshem tawm cov huab cua ntau dhau yam tsis tau tsoo cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab siv lub freezer - cov khoom qib. Ordinary nyias nyias cov hnab tso cai kom tsis txhob ya raws thiab tsw hloov tau yooj yim dua thiab muab kev tiv thaiv tsis zoo.

Qhuav pob yog txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws

Nyob rau hauv ib lub pob qhuav qhuav, npaj cov figs mus rau hauv lub freezer ntim nrog rau qhov yuav tsum tau headspace, ces lub thawv yog kaw, sau thiab khov. Tsis muaj qab zib syrup ntxiv. Txoj kev no ua kom cov ntsiab lus yooj yim thiab ua haujlwm zoo thaum cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tom qab sib tov, siav los yog tsim nrog lwm cov khoom xyaw.

Ntim rau hauv tus nqi koj yuav siv ib zaug. Nias ntau ilv figs rau hauv ib lub hnab loj tsim ib qho thaiv khov thiab bruises cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua ntej khov. Cov pob khoom me me khov sai dua, pawg ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab txo qhov xav tau thaw ntau dua li daim ntawv qhia xav tau.

Rau lub teeb -xim figs, NCHFP muab xim - tswj kev xaiv: yaj 3/4 teaspoon, los yog 2250 mg, ascorbic acid nyob rau hauv 3 tablespoons dej txias thiab nphoo nws tshaj 1 quart ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Qhov no yog ib qho kev ntsuas zoo los txwv kev tsaus ntuj, tsis yog kauj ruam ua kom tsis muaj menyuam thiab tsis yog cov qauv lag luam thoob ntiaj teb.

Sau txhua yam kev kho mob ntawm daim ntawv lo. Daim ntawv qhia lub freezer tsev neeg tuaj yeem hais tias "fig halves, ascorbic acid, 250 g, hnub tim." Daim ntawv teev cov khoom xyaw ua lag luam thiab kev ua haujlwm- kev txiav txim siab pab yuav tsum muaj cov cai siv tau thiab cov qauv pom zoo; tsis txhob xav tias yog ib lub tsev-cov lus qhia khaws cia daws cov ntawv sau npe.

Lub tais khov khov khaws cov khoom sib cais

NCHFP tso cai rau khov figs ua ntej ntawm lub tais thiab txav mus rau hauv cov thawv kom sai li sai tau thaum lawv khov. Npaj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv ib txheej yam tsis tau kov. Thaum khov, hloov sai sai mus rau qhov kawg ntawm lub freezer pob, tshem tawm cov cua tshaj, foob, daim ntawv lo thiab xa rov qab mus rau lub freezer.

Qhov zoo dua yog kev tswj xyuas qhov chaw. Koj tuaj yeem nqa ob peb figs los yog daim ntawm lub hnab es tsis txhob thawing ib qho khoom loj. Qhov no pab tau rau smoothies, me me bakery batch thiab cov kua ntses hauv tsev. Nws tsis zoo ib yam li cov txheej txheem IQF uas tau lees paub, txawm hais tias ob qho tib si lub hom phiaj kom cov chav nyob sib cais.

Tsis txhob tso lub tais tso rau hauv lub freezer ntev tshaj li qhov xav tau los ua kom cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo khov. Kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv yuav txhawb nqa qhov ziab kom qhuav thiab tsw ntxhiab. Hloov tam sim ntawd, thiab tsis txhob muab cov tais sov so kom nruj kom huab cua tsis tuaj yeem ncig lawv.

Lub tais khov tsis ua rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo dua tshiab. Nws txo cov khoom - mus rau - daim nplaum thiab tuaj yeem txhim kho kom khov ceev, tab sis cov dej khov nab kuab tseem nyob hauv cov hlwb. Tsim daim ntawv thov thawed nyob ib ncig ntawm ib qho kev ntxhib los mos.

Syrup Pob yog qhov kev txiav txim siab sib txawv

NCHFP cov lus qhia fig siv cov kua dej txias 40% rau ib pob phoov. Nws kuj muab kev xaiv ascorbic acid lossis kua txiv qaub ntxiv rau cov xim zoo dua thiab cov khoom zoo. Npaj figs tau ntim rau hauv ntim, npog nrog dej txias, muab lub taub hau, kaw thiab khov.

Syrup tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv xim thiab kev ntxhib los mos, tab sis nws ntxiv qab zib, kua thiab carbohydrate. Nws haum rau cov khoom qab zib, compote los yog qab zib sau zoo dua li ib qho yooj yim - txiv hmab txiv ntoo smoothie specification. Yog tias koj daim ntawv qhia tom qab xav tau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas tsis muaj qab zib, xaiv cov pob qhuav los yog lub tais es tsis txhob yaug cov kua qab zib tom qab thawing.

Ntsuas syrup concentration los ntawm ib daim ntawv qhia kuaj, tsis yog los ntawm ncuav qab zib "mus saj." Txias nws ua ntej hu rau figs. Sov syrup ncua kev khov thiab tuaj yeem ua kom sov cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Khaws daim ntawv qhia nrog lub pob kom cov khoom qab zib kawg suav nrog cov kua qab zib.

Cia kom khov sai, ntim tau zoo thiab sau meej meej

USDA piav qhia tias kev khov sai dua tsim cov dej khov me me dua li qhov khov thiab txo qis ntawm tes. Khaws cov pob khoom ntiav, kis cov pob tshiab rau hauv ib txheej nrog cua qhov chaw thiab muab tso rau lawv tsuas yog tom qab lawv khov. Tsis txhob overload lub freezer me me nrog loj loj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo sov ib zaug.

Siv cov dej noo- thiab vapor- tiv taus lub freezer ntim. Kev sib cuag ntawm huab cua ua rau kom qhuav qhov chaw hu ua lub freezer hlawv. Lub Freezer hlawv yog qhov tsis zoo es tsis muaj pov thawj tias zaub mov tsis nyab xeeb, tab sis nws txo qis tsw thiab siv tau. Tight seals thiab ib qho tsim nyog sau txo qhov raug.

Sau npe txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog leej twg, daim ntawv, kev kho mob, net npaum li cas thiab khov hnub. Ntxiv daim ntawv qhia npaj yog tias lub pob tuaj yeem tsis meej pem nrog lwm qhov kev npaj. Daim ntawv qhia meej tiv thaiv cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo - ntim cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm kev siv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo dawb thiab pab koj tig cov khoom lag luam kom zoo.

Khaws lub tub yees ntawm 0℃F, lossis -18℃, lossis qis dua kom khov khov. Ib qho khoom siv ntsuas kub yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj qhov kev cia siab ntawm lub dial. Lub caij nyoog zoo tshaj plaws yog nyob ntawm cov khoom, ntim thiab khaws cia keeb kwm; khov tsis tu ncua tswj microbial kev loj hlob tab sis tsis txwv txhua qhov kev hloov pauv zoo.

Cia siab tias Softness thiab Drip tom qab Thawing

Dej nthuav tawm thaum nws khov thiab cov dej khov nab kuab cuam tshuam cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Thaum figs thaw, lub hlwb puas tso kua thiab cov ntaub so ntswg poob firmness. Qhov no yog ib txwm khov -thaw tus cwj pwm. Nws tsis tau txhais hais tias cov txheej txheem ua tsis tiav, txawm tias qeeb qeeb, qhov kub thiab txias thiab kev cia ntev tuaj yeem ua rau qhov tshwm sim.

Siv ib nrab thawed txiv hmab txiv ntoo thaum me ntsis qauv pab, los yog thaw nyob rau hauv tub yees thaum daim ntawv qhia xav tau tag nrho softened txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Khaws cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo tso tawm yog tias nws muaj txiaj ntsig thiab daim ntawv qhia tuaj yeem nqus tau. Tshem tawm thiab ntsuas nws yog tias cov dej ntau dhau yuav ua rau nyias nyias; sau cov drained tawm los rau repeatability.

Cov ntawv thov zoo suav nrog compote, ntses, jam, chutney, bakery filling, yogurt npaj, ice cream puag thiab smoothies. Ib qho tshiab - txiv hmab txiv ntoo board, zaub xam lav garnish lossis tes- noj kev nthuav qhia feem ntau nthuav tawm cov qauv tsis zoo. Xaiv lwm daim ntawv khaws cia yog tias tsis zom tom qab thawing yog qhov tseem ceeb.

    Daim ntawv thov piv txwv:ib lub tais- khov ib nrab tso tawm 12 g kua txiv los ntawm 100 g thaw qauv. Rau ib tug sauce, siv tag nrho 100 g. Rau qhov qis - ntub dej pastry filling, ntws mus rau 88 g, sau 88% cov khoom siv tau zoo thiab kho cov thickener lossis ua noj ua haus es tsis xav tias cov khoom siv khov khov sib npaug sib npaug cov zis tawm.

Thaum khov tsis yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws

Tsis txhob khov figs thaum siv tom ntej yog nyob ntawm qhov tshiab, tsis zoo tom. Cheese board, tshiab garnish los yog tag nrho -cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo cov khw muag khoom yuav tsum tau tus thawj cell qauv, nto tawg thiab qia zoo li. Kev khov kho daws cov teeb meem ntawm lub sijhawm thiab muab khoom, tab sis nws hloov pauv lub hom phiaj ntawm lub siab xav. Siv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab hauv nws lub qhov rais luv xwb.

Kev ziab tuaj yeem yog txoj hauv kev zoo dua thaum koj xav tau ambient cia, chewiness thiab concentrated qab zib. Jam los yog khaws cia ua tej zaum yuav zoo dua thaum kev sib kis tiav yog lub hom phiaj. Cov txheej txheem no muaj lawv tus kheej cov zaub mov txawv thiab kev tswj xyuas kev nyab xeeb. Tsis txhob improvise txheej txheem canning los ntawm kev qhia kom khov; figs tuaj yeem zaum ze ntawm cov kua qaub / qis -acid ciam teb, thiab kuaj cov kua qaub cov lus qhia tseem ceeb rau cov kaus poom.

Kev khov kuj yog ib qho kev xaiv tsis zoo rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas twb lwj lawm. Pwm, qaub fermentation thiab dej sab hauv rot tsis tuaj yeem ua tau tom qab ib hmos ntawm -18 degree. Kev khov tsuas yog qeeb cov kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob khov. Cais cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua ntej nws nkag mus rau cov khoom siv sib koom lossis ntim khoom.

Xav txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm lub freezer. Cov qoob loo uas loj dhau rau kev tshem tawm cov cua sov sai yuav khov maj mam thiab sov cov khoom nyob sib ze. Cov txheej txheem hauv kev tswj tau, ua ntej- txias suab paj nruag yog tias txoj kev tso cai, thiab tawm hauv huab cua ib ncig ntawm cov pob tshiab. Yog tias lub freezer tuav tsis tau lub hom phiaj, xaiv lwm txoj kev khaws cia los yog siv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo kom sai.

    Kev txiav txim piv txwv:Koj muaj 2 kg ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo siav thiab qhov chaw rau yim 250 g tiaj pob. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog npaj rau lub caij ntuj no smoothies, yog li khov fits ob lub peev xwm thiab siv. Yog hais tias tib cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog xav tau tag kis rau ib qho tsis zoo plated garnish, refrigerate thiab siv nws tshiab; freezing yuav daws tsis muaj teeb meem cuam tshuam thiab yuav ua rau qhov kev ntxhib los mos uas xav tau.

Thaw ruaj ntseg thiab tsis kho kom khov li kom tsis muaj menyuam

Lub freezing nres microbial kev loj hlob thaum cov zaub mov tseem khov, tab sis nws tsis cia siab rau tua tag nrho cov kab mob, cov poov xab los yog pwm. Cov kab mob tuaj yeem rov ua haujlwm dua tom qab thawing. Pib nrog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo huv, suab nrov thiab cov khoom siv huv si, thiab tuav cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua zaub mov tsis zoo.

Thaw nyob rau hauv lub tub yees thaum koj xav tau tag nrho thawed txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Lub microwave tuaj yeem tsim nyog thaum cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav siv tam sim ntawd, thiab txias - dej thawing yuav tsum tau xau{2}} cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj thiab siv sai. Tsis txhob tso ib lub thawv loj rau ntawm lub txee rau ntev thawing.

Yog tias lub pob poob qhov kub thiab txias thaum lub hwj chim tsis ua hauj lwm, siv sij hawm, qhov kub thiab txias - pov thawj crystal es tsis hnov ​​tsw ib leeg. USDA kev taw qhia hais tias cov zaub mov uas tseem muaj cov dej khov nab kuab los yog tseem txias li cov zaub mov hauv tub yees tuaj yeem ua kom khov lossis siv tau, txawm tias qhov zoo yuav poob qis. Ua raws li cov lus qhia hauv zos tam sim no rau qhov tshwm sim tiag tiag thiab pov tseg cov kab mob sib kis los ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

Kev ua noj yuav yog ib qho kev npaj siv rau lub suab thawed txiv hmab txiv ntoo; nws tsis yog ib kauj ruam kho rau figs uas tau pwm los yog qaub ua ntej khov. Yog tias lub pob thawed muaj ib qho tshiab tawm - tsw, pwm, tawg foob lossis pov thawj ntawm kev kub ntxhov hnyav, tuav lossis muab pov tseg raws li cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam.

Piv txwv ua hauj lwm: Hloov cov qoob loo tshiab rau hauv daim ntawv qhia pob

    Piv txwv ua haujlwm:koj muaj 5.0 kg ntawm figs tshiab. Kev txheeb xyuas, tshem tawm qia thiab tshem tawm cov kev puas tsuaj tab sis tsis yog - qhov chaw lwj ua rau 8% poob. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas siv tau yog 5.0 kg × 0.92=4.60 kg.

Koj daim ntawv qhia smoothie siv 230 g figs ib batch. Faib 4.60 kg, los yog 4600 g, los ntawm 230 g: 4600 ÷ 230=20 pob. Ntsuas 20 lub pob qhuav qhuav ntawm 230 g txhua, sau lawv thiab khov rau hauv ib txheej. Tsis muaj qhov tsis muaj qhov cim tseg thiab tsis tas yuav kwv yees li ob txhais tes tom qab.

Tam sim no sib piv ib qho kev siv bakery uas yuav tsum tau 180 g drained thawed figs. Ib pob 230 g yields 202 g tom qab poob poob hauv kev sim, 87.8% ntws tawm. Ib pob npog daim ntawv qhia nrog 22 g ntxiv; Yog tias koj xav tau qhov tseeb 180 g tso tawm, kho cov pob khoom yav tom ntej mus txog 205 g vim tias 180 ÷ 0.878=205 g.

Qhov kev suav no txuas cov txiaj ntsig trim, pob loj thiab thaw tawm los rau daim ntawv qhia. Nws kuj tseem qhia tau tias yog vim li cas tus nqi ntawm tus nqi ib kilogram tag nrho tsis tuaj yeem yog qhov kev sib piv lag luam nkaus xwb. Usable yield thiab daim ntawv thov kev ua tau zoo txiav txim siab cov khoom muaj nqis tiag tiag.

Rau Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam, Qhia Txog Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws

Lub tais khov hauv tsev teb cov lus nug txog kev khaws cia hauv tsev. Kev lag luam khov fig xav tau kev kos npe rau tus kheej thiab cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb: cultivar lossis txais cov khoom siv raw, kev loj hlob, tag nrho lossis txiav daim ntawv, qhov loj me, cov khoom xyaw, pretreatment, freezing method, defect limits, pack, storage and aim use.

Saib xyuas XMSDkhov fig formatraws li kev taw qhia, ces txuas cov xaiv SKU rau lubKev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tuaj. Frozen sib cais, clumping, deg Frost, loj faib, tawm - tsw tom qab tswj thaw thiab daim ntawv qhia yield yog ntau pab tau ntau tshaj ib tug generic "premium" thov.

Ntim yuav tsum tiv thaiv lub tsev xaiv. XMSDkhov ntim workflowmuab lub hauv paus rau kev sib tham txog liner, hnab, kaw, thawv, daim ntawv lo thiab kev tiv thaiv kev thauj mus los. Ib lub fragile tag nrho fig thiab ib tug purée thaiv tsis xav tau tib yam txhua yam kev tswj.

Raukev pabcuam zaub mov, validate tiag tiag thawing thiab daim ntawv qhia txoj kev. Rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo dav dua, siv XMSDcov khoom lag luampiv cov ntawv. Cov hom ntawv zoo tshaj plaws yog ib qho uas ua tau raws li kev faib khoom, kev ua haujlwm, kev xav thiab kev xav tau tom qab tag nrho cov txheej txheem.

Kev xav zaum kawg los ntawm XMSD

Cov figs tshiab khov ua tiav thaum koj pib nrog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo siav, npaj kom huv si, xaiv ib pob rau daim ntawv qhia npaj thiab khov nws sai sai hauv cov ntim tsim nyog. Lub tais ntim khaws cia sib cais; pob qhuav ua kom cov mis yooj yim; syrup pob tsim cov khoom qab zib.

Npaj rau kev ntxhib los mos thiab kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo tom qab thawing, thiab siv cov cwj pwm no hauv cov kua ntses, smoothies, txhaws thiab lwm yam kev siv ua tiav. Freezing slows microbial kev loj hlob tab sis tsis sterilize los yog cawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo lwj. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib piv, feem thiab thawed kev ua tau zoo ua ntej cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nkag mus rau hauv lub freezer.

Sau cov kev xaiv txiav, kev kho mob thiab pob qhov hnyav thaum qhov kev vam meej batch yog tshiab hauv siab. Cov ntaub ntawv me me ntawd hloov ib qho - lub sijhawm khaws txoj haujlwm rau hauv txoj kev rov ua dua thiab ua rau cov ntawv qhia zaub mov tom qab tau yooj yim piav qhia.

Cov ntaub ntawv

• National Center for Home Food Preservation: Freezing Fig
• National Center for Home Food Preservation: Resources for Home Preserving Fig
• Oregon State University Extension: Khaws Fig
• USDA FSIS: Khov thiab Zaub Mov Kev Nyab Xeeb
• Colorado State University Extension: Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo khov
• USDA Kev Pabcuam Khoom Noj thiab Khoom Noj: Khaws cov khoom lag luam hauv zos
• XMSD kev ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv khov- txiv hmab txiv ntoo specification, ua, ntim, txias- saw saw thiab B2B export coordination.