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Qab Zib Extract los ntawm Sugarcane li cas? Txheej txheem thiab tswj

Aug 05, 2019

Qab Zib Extract los ntawm Sugarcane li cas? Txheej txheem thiab tswj

Qab zib yog muab rho tawm los ntawm cov suab thaj hauv ob theem txuas. Ua ntej, ib lub zeb qhib cov stalk hlwb thiab cais sucrose -cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm cov kab mob fibrous los ntawm cov menyuam milling nrog imbibition dej los yog diffusion. Qhov thib ob, lub Hoobkas qhia meej tias cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tshem tawm cov dej hauv cov evaporators, loj hlob sucrose crystals nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev, cais cov crystals nyob rau hauv centrifuges, thiab dries thiab cools lub resulting raw qab zib. Lub refinery tej zaum yuav remelt thiab purify raw qab zib ua ntej crystallizing nws dua li dawb, siab dua - khoom purity.

Cov kab ke suab yooj yim, tab sis txhua txoj haujlwm hloov pauv qhov sib txawv. Kev npaj nthuav tawm cov hlwb. Extraction hloov cov khoom soluble rau hauv cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Kev nthuav qhia tshem tawm cov teeb meem raug tshem tawm thiab nag lossis daus thaum sim khaws sucrose. evaporation nce dissolved-solids concentration. Crystallization txav sucrose los ntawm kev daws mus rau hauv cov khoom siv lead ua theem. Centrifugation cais crystals los ntawm niam cawv. Kev ziab thiab txias npaj cov khoom siv lead ua kom ruaj khov. Kev kho kab raws li "nias, boil thiab spin" zais cov kev tswj uas txiav txim siab rov qab, xim, noo noo, siv lead ua loj thiab poob.

    Cov lus teb luv luv:Sau thiab xa cov pas nrig tam sim; ntxuav thiab shred nws; extract kua txiv los ntawm mills los yog diffuser; cua sov, txiv qaub thiab khom los yog lim cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo; concentrate nws nyob rau hauv ntau yam -effect evaporators; noob thiab loj hlob muaju nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev lauj kaub; cais crystals los ntawm molasses hauv centrifuges; ces qhuav, txias, tshuaj ntsuam thiab khaws cov suab thaj. Tswj cov kab nrog ntsuas qhov hnyav, Brix, Pol lossis sucrose, purity, ntws, kub, pH, bagasse poob, syrup concentration, massecuite mob, zaum kawg -molasses poob, crystal size, noo noo thiab xim.

Multiple packs of peeled sugarcane representing a defined cane input form

Ua raws li Cov Khoom Siv, Tsis yog Daim Ntawv Sau Tshuab

Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb piav qhia ua raws ob qho tib si sucrose thiab tag nrho pawg. Cane nkag nrog fiber, dej, sucrose, txo cov suab thaj, minerals, av thiab lwm yam tsis muaj suab thaj. Tom qab muab rho tawm, feem ntau ntawm cov kua thiab cov khoom soluble yuav tsum nyob rau hauv cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo sib xyaw, thaum bagasse nqa fiber ntau, noo noo thiab qee cov suab thaj tsis rov qab. Kev nthuav qhia tsim cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov av nkos sib cais lossis lim- ncuav mog qab zib. Evaporation tshem tawm dej raws li vapor thiab condensate tab sis yuav tsum tsis txhob txhob txwm tshem tawm sucrose. Crystallization thiab centrifugation faib cov concentrated massecuite rau hauv cov muaju thiab niam cawv. Rov ua cov txheej txheem boiling tuaj yeem rov qab tau cov suab thaj ntau dua ua ntej leej niam cawv tawm los ua cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

Qhov kev saib kwj no tiv thaiv ob qhov yuam kev. Ua ntej, "extraction" ntawm lub zeb tsis zoo ib yam li tag nrho lub Hoobkas rov qab. Ib tsob nroj tuaj yeem rho tawm cov feem pua ​​​​ntawm sucrose mus rau hauv cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab tseem poob tus nqi los ntawm kev ua kom tsis zoo, cov av nkos, kev hloov pauv, kev nkag mus, kev loj hlob tsis zoo lossis cov molasses zaum kawg. Qhov thib ob, cov khoom lag luam siab tsis tau txais kev rov qab siab sucrose. Cov dej noo noo thiab adhering niam cawv ntxiv qhov hnyav tab sis tuaj yeem txo purity, nce xim lossis ua rau tsis zoo cia. Cov txiaj ntsig yuav tsum raug ntsuas raws li kev ntsuas ntsuas.

Kev ua haujlwm Kev hloov loj Main tso zis mus taug qab Cov lus nug uas raug tswj
Kev npaj Tus qauv stalk qhib Npaj cane Puas yog kev npaj tsis tu ncua yam tsis muaj kev ncua ntev?
Milling los yog diffusion Cov ntaub soluble hloov mus rau cov kua Mixed kua txiv thiab bagasse Muaj pes tsawg sucrose nyob hauv bagasse?
Kev qhia meej Suspended thiab precipitated teeb meem cais Clarified kua txiv thiab av nkos Puas yog kua txiv ntshiab txaus yam tsis muaj sucrose ntau dhau?
Evaporation Dej raug tshem tawm Syrup thiab condensate Puas yog lub hom phiaj concentration mus txog yam tsis muaj fouling lossis ua rau lub sijhawm nyob hauv puas?
Crystallization Sucrose nkag mus rau theem siv lead ua Massecuite Puas yog supersaturation, seeding thiab crystal kev loj hlob tswj?
Centrifugation Crystals cais los ntawm niam cawv Wet crystals thiab molasses Puas yog kev ntxuav thiab kev sib cais ua tau raws li kev ua kom huv thiab ua tiav cov hom phiaj?
Qhuav thiab txias Deg noo noo thiab kub poob Conditioned crystal qab zib Cov piam thaj puas yuav ntws, tshuaj ntsuam, khaws thiab ntim raws li xav tau?

1. Sau, txais, ntxuav thiab npaj tus pas nrig

Lub Hoobkas txheej txheem pib ua ntej thawj cov menyuam. Txiav pas nrig deteriorates, yog li sau- mus rau - tsoo lub sij hawm, qhov kub thiab txias, kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev thiab cov kab mob microbial cuam tshuam rau cov khoom xa mus rau lub zeb. Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv Ib puag ncig hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas cov lus piav qhia cov txheej txheem qab zib sau tseg tias txiav cov pas nrig deteriorates sai thiab piav qhia vim li cas cov mills feem ntau nyob ze rau thaj chaw loj hlob.[1]Cov ntaub ntawv tau txais yuav tsum txuas cov luj taws thiab cov qauv mus rau thaj chaw, chaw muag khoom, lub sijhawm sau qoob, sijhawm tuaj txog thiab ntau. Kev kwv yees qhov muag pom tsis tuaj yeem hloov daim pib qhov hnyav thiab tus qauv sawv cev.

Kev ntxuav tshem tawm ntau npaum li cov av, pob zeb, nplooj thiab lwm yam khoom ntxiv raws li qhov kev xaiv yuav tsum tau ua. Qhov kev npaj meej yog nyob ntawm seb tus pas nrig puas raug hlawv lossis ntsuab -siav, txiav los yog tag nrho-stalk, thiab seb puas qhuav los yog ntxuav haum rau cov dej hauv zos thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov av ntau ntxiv ntxiv cov khoom tuag, hnav thiab tshauv. Kev ntxuav ntau dhau tuaj yeem ntxiv dej uas cov evaporators yuav tsum tau tshem tawm tom qab. Lub hom phiaj tsis yog qhov pom kev zoo meej stalk; nws yog tswj kev tshem tawm cov teeb meem uas yuav tsum tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv lub tsheb ciav hlau extraction.

Riam, choppers thiab shredders ces txo thiab rupture lub stalk kom cov khoom extraction tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua ntawm cov kua txiv -cov kabmob hlwb. Kev npaj qhov Performance index, particle condition thiab pub uniformity tseem ceeb tshaj cov npe ntawm cov cav tov ib leeg. Hauv qab -npaj cov cane tawm cov hlwb nkag tsis tau. Kev tswj cov khoom noj tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv qis dua. Kev npaj yuav tsum tau koom tes nrog kev sib koom ua ke: qhib lub pas nrig thaum ntxov thiab cia nws tos tsim kom muaj kev pheej hmoo sib txawv los ntawm kev qhib nws ua ntej rho tawm.

Trimmed peeled sugarcane sticks in a crate showing a prepared food-grade cane form

2. Extract cov kua txiv los ntawm Milling los yog Diffusion

Lub milling tandem hla cov pas nrig npaj los ntawm ob peb qhov hnyav rau cov menyuam. Lub siab qhia cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thaum imbibition dej los yog kua txiv dilute yog nkag mus rau tom qab mills thiab txav countercurrent mus rau cane. Qhov kev ntxuav no rov qab ntxiv cov piam thaj ntxiv los ntawm fiber ntau. Cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo tawm mus rau pem hauv ntej rau kev kho mob; cov ntaub ntawv fiber ntau depleted tawm li bagasse. EPA tus txheej txheem tus account piav txog ntau lub mills thiab countercurrent imbibition raws li lub hauv paus nta ntawm cov pa cane milling.[1]

Lub diffuser siv lub nkoj ntev los yog lub txaj los ntxuav cov khoom soluble los ntawm cov pas nrig npaj nrog cov kua txav los ntawm cov fiber ntau, feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv kev sib tw. Cov tawm fiber ntau tseem xav tau dewatering, feem ntau los ntawm cov xovxwm lossis mills. Diffusion hloov cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm sib npaug: kev npaj muaj zog thiab kev faib ua kua yog qhov tseem ceeb, thaum cov dej nkag rau hauv cov kua txiv cuam tshuam rau lub luag haujlwm evaporation. Lub koom haum South African Sugarcane tshawb fawb txheeb xyuas ob qho tib si milling thiab diffusion raws li tsim cov kev rho tawm es tsis yog ib qho tsim nyog tsim.[2]

Ob txoj kev yuav tsum tsis txhob raug xaiv los ntawm ib qho kev rho tawm feem pua. Sib piv tag nrho -kab rov qab, kev npaj pas nrig, lub zog, chav dej, dej, tu, muaj peev xwm, bagasse mob thiab evaporation txwv. Hauv kev ua haujlwm, suav cov piam thaj nkag mus nrog cov pas nrig, cov suab thaj tau zoo hauv cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo sib xyaw, thiab cov suab thaj uas tseem tshuav hauv bagasse ntawm cov qauv zoo sib xws thiab kev txheeb xyuas. Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv cane Pol thiab cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv lossis lub sijhawm lub qhov rais, cov txiaj ntsig pom tseeb tuaj yeem ua rau yuam kev.

    Tswv yim piv txwv:Kev lag luam dej - tawm.

Xav tias koj nce imbibition vim bagasse Pol yog saum lub hom phiaj. Cov kua txiv rov qab zoo dua, tab sis sib xyaw- cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo kuj nce thiab Brix ntog. Yog hais tias lub tsheb ciav hlau evaporator twb muaj peev xwm, cov nroj tsuag yuav poob crushing npaum li cas los yog tsis mus txog ruaj khov syrup concentration. Sau bagasse qab zib poob, sib tov- kua txiv huab cua thiab Brix, cane throughput, steam demand thiab zaum kawg rov qab ua ke thaum lub sij hawm mus sib hais. "Ntau cov dej rho tawm ntau qab zib" tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm kev txiav txim siab.

Cut peeled sugarcane pieces showing the stalk's fibrous cross-section

3. Qhia meej cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo yam tsis kho "Ntshiab" li "Ntshiab"

Cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo sib xyaw muaj cov fiber ntau zoo, av- tau txais cov khoom khib nyiab, cov khoom siv colloidal, xim- ua cov tebchaw, cov zaub mov, cov kab mob thiab cov dej tsis qab ntsev zoo li sucrose. Kev tshuaj ntsuam tshem tawm cov coarse hais. Cov khoom siv raw-cov khoom qab zib ua kom sov cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab kho cov xwm txheej nrog txiv qaub thiaj li xaiv impurities coagulate los yog precipitate. Lub clarifier tso cai rau cov flocs hnyav dua los khom; lim rov qab kua txiv cuam tshuam nrog cov av nkos. EPA piav qhia txog kev kho cua sov thiab txiv qaub tom qab los ntawm kev teeb tsa thiab pom hauv cov txheej txheem qab zib qab zib.[1]

Kev piav qhia yog xaiv, tsis yog kiag li. Cov kwj deg tseem muaj cov sucrose yaj thiab lwm yam teeb meem soluble, thiab nws tsis zoo li cov kua qab zib ua kom zoo. Tswj pH, qhov kub thiab txias, lub sijhawm nyob, floc tsim, teeb tsa, av nkos ntom ntom thiab pom raws li ib qho system. Kev kho tsis tiav yog nqa turbidity thiab cov khib nyiab rau hauv evaporators thiab lauj kaub. Ntau dhau los yog tswj tsis tau zoo tuaj yeem txhawb nqa sucrose degradation, tsim xim, nplai lossis poob nrog av nkos. Txuas txhua qhov kev kuaj pom rau nws qhov piv txwv: cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo kom meej thiab lim teb cov lus nug sib txawv.

Cov ntaub ntawv qhia meej yuav tsum sib haum cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov ntsiab lus qab zib ua ntej thiab tom qab qhov chaw nres tsheb thiab ntsuas qhov lim- ncuav mog qab zib poob. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau qhia seb puas rov qab lim tau suav nrog. Hu rau txhua qhov sib txawv "kev pom tseeb poob" yam tsis tau ntsuas cov khoom muag thiab cov kwj xa rov qab tuaj yeem zais lub sijhawm cuam tshuam. Rau kev sib sib zog nqus ntawm bagasse, lim ncuav mog qab zib thiab molasses raws li kev lag luam ntws, siv XMSD phau ntawv qhia rauqab zib los ntawm - khoom; ntawm no lawv yog kev sib npaug tawm, tsis yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb.

Sugarcane handling, inspection, laboratory and packing scenes in an XMSD source collage

4. Ntsiav tshuaj Clarified Juice nyob rau hauv ntau yam -Effect Evaporators

Clarified kua txiv muaj dej ntau dhau rau kev loj hlob zoo siv lead ua. Ib tug ntau yam -kev cuam tshuam evaporator tsheb ciav hlau boils nws nyob rau hauv ib tug series ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub zog qis dua. Vapor los ntawm ib qho txiaj ntsig muab cua sov mus rau tom ntej, txo cov tshiab -sub xav tau piv nrog kev ywj pheej boiling. Qab Zib Kev Tshawb Fawb Australia muab piv txwv kev lag luam ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas muaj ze li ntawm 14℃Brix tau ua kom muaj zog rau syrup nyob ib ncig ntawm 65-70℃Brix.[3]EPA piav qhia txog cov khoom nyoos - qab zib syrup ze li 65 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov khib nyiab tom qab ntau yam - cuam tshuam evaporation.[1]Cov no yog cov txheej txheem siv, tsis txwv kev cog lus thoob ntiaj teb.

Brix yog qhov qhia tau zoo ntawm cov khoom soluble, tab sis nws tsis zoo ib yam rau sucrose purity. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb vim tias cov evaporator tshem tawm cov dej thaum ua kom pom cov sucrose thiab soluble nonsugars. Yog tias koj xav tau cov chemistry qab sucrose, txo cov suab thaj, Brix, Pol thiab purity, cov lus qhia cais rauuas qab zib muaj nyob rau hauv qab zibmuaj cov lus nug analytical. Rau cov evaporator, cov lus nug txog kev khiav hauj lwm yog ntws, qhov nkag thiab qhov hluav taws xob concentration, qhov kub thiab txias profile, siab, cua sov-hloov mob, condensate zoo thiab lub sij hawm nyob.

    Piv txwv ua haujlwm:Xam cov evaporation load.

Xav tias ib tsob nroj tau txais 100,000 kg / h ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm 15 feem pua ​​​​soluble solids. Cov kua txiv yog li ntawd nqa 15,000 kg / h ntawm soluble solids. Yog tias cov khib nyiab uas tsis muaj hluav taws xob tau khaws cia thiab lub hom phiaj syrup yog 65 feem pua ​​​​cov khib nyiab:

    Syrup flow=15,000 ÷ 0.65=23,077 kg/h.

    Dej tshem tawm=100,000 − 23,077=76,923 kg/h.

Ntawm 70 feem pua ​​​​lub hom phiaj, suav syrup flow poob rau 21,429 kg / h thiab tshem tawm dej nce mus rau 78,571 kg / h. Qhov piv txwv yog qhov piv txwv: qhov sib npaug tiag tiag yuav tsum suav nrog kev ntsuas qhov tsis paub tseeb, kev nkag mus, kev tu lub voj voog, condensate routing thiab ib qho ntxiv lossis xa rov qab ntws. Txawm li cas los xij, nws qhia tau tias yog vim li cas qhov kev hloov pauv me me cuam tshuam rau chav thiab khoom siv.

Tus nqi syrup ib leeg tsis ua pov thawj zoo. Fouling txo cov cua sov hloov; Cov dej xau tuaj yeem ua rau condensate; entrainment tuaj yeem nqa qab zib mus rau hauv vapor systems; thiab cov khoom noj tsis ruaj khov ua rau lub lauj kaub tsis ruaj khov. Trend inlet thiab qhov hluav taws xob loj, Brix, siab thiab condensate checks es tsis lees txais ib qho chaw nyeem ntawv. Qhov zoo evaporation tshuav nyiaj li cas rau qhov twg cov dej tshem tawm mus thiab xyuas tias sucrose tsis ploj mus rau hauv cov kwj tsis tau ntsuas.

Two sealed packs of peeled sugarcane showing a consistent physical product form

5. Loj hlob Sucrose Crystals Hauv Nqus Tsev

Syrup nkag mus rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum, qhov twg dej tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov kub kub qis dua li ntawm atmospheric siab. Tswj boiling coj cov tshuaj mus rau hauv ib tug supersaturated mob, thiab noob muaju los yog ib tug npaj slurry tsim kom muaj cov neeg siv lead ua. Sucrose tom qab ntawd tso rau ntawm cov khoom siv lead ua muaj. Qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov pob zeb loj hlob thiab cov cawv niam yog hu ua massecuite. Nqus, kub, pub, supersaturation, seeding point thiab ncig tag nrho cov cuam tshuam nucleation thiab kev loj hlob.

Lub hom phiaj tsis yog tsuas yog "ntau npaum li crystals li sai tau." Uncontrolled spontaneous nucleation tsim cov nplej zoo: ntau cov pob zeb me me uas cuam tshuam rau kev sib cais thiab tuaj yeem ua rau cov piam thaj poob thaum ntxuav. Ntau dhau los yog cov muaju loj dhau lawm muab qhov chaw loj hlob tsawg dua thiab tuaj yeem txwv kev rov qab los nyob rau lub sijhawm muaj batch. LSU AgCenter piav qhia qhov kev lag luam no-tawm: cov khoom siv lead ua xav tau qhov chaw txaus rau crystallization thaum tseem loj txaus rau kev sib cais centrifugal.[5]

Ntau cov khoom siv raw- cov khoom qab zib siv ntau theem boiling, feem ntau piav raws li A, B thiab C ntaus los yog neeg tua neeg, txawm tias cov npe thiab kev npaj sib txawv. High- qib niam cawv yog boiled dua kom zoo dua sucrose; cov cawv niam kawg tawm raws li cov molasses zaum kawg thaum ntxiv crystallization tsis yog kev lag luam lossis siv tau raws li lub tswv yim. South African cov txheej txheem kev taw qhia piav qhia txog txoj hauv kev no thiab kev rov ua dua ntawm cov dej qab zib nruab nrab.[2]Tus naj npawb ntawm cov theem thiab cov kev rov ua dua tshiab yuav tsum yog los ntawm cov ntawv cog lus, tsis yog los ntawm daim duab generic.

6. Cais cov Crystals hauv Centrifuges

Massecuite nkag mus rau hauv lub pob tawb centrifugal perforated kab nrog ib qho screen. Kev sib hloov tsav cov theem ua kua los ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam thaum cov muaju tseem nyob hauv pob tawb. Nyob ntawm qhov kub kub thiab cov khoom lag luam lub hom phiaj, kev tswj cov tshuaj ntxuav tes yuav tshem tawm ntau tus niam cawv los ntawm cov khoom siv lead ua. Cov pob zeb ntub dej tawm kom qhuav los yog tuaj yeem rov ua dua lossis rov ua dua tshiab hauv cov txheej txheem boiling. Cov kua sib cais txav mus rau lwm theem boiling, recycle txoj kev los yog zaum kawg molasses kwj.

Kev ntxhua khaub ncaws tsim kom muaj kev huv huv ncaj qha-thiab- tawm lag luam tawm- tawm. Kev ntxuav me me heev tuaj yeem tawm ntau xim niam cawv thiab soluble nonsugars ntawm cov muaju. Kev ntxuav ntau dhau ua rau sucrose uas twb crystallized thiab xa rov qab rau hauv cawv. Lub hnab ntim khoom, lub sij hawm voj voog, ceev, kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, massecuite viscosity, siv lead ua loj tis thiab kub txhua yam cuam tshuam kev sib cais. Yog li ntawd, qhov tshwm sim centrifuge yuav tsum raug txiav txim los ntawm crystal Pol los yog sucrose, noo noo, xim thiab rov qab ua ke, tsis yog los ntawm tsos ib leeg.

Cov lus piav qhia "xim av nyoos qab zib yog spun rau hauv cov suab thaj dawb" tawg ob lub Hoobkas cais ciam teb. Lub mills nyoos centrifuge cais cov pob zeb nyoos los ntawm niam cawv, tab sis cov muaju tseem muaj cov zaj duab xis molasses. Kev tsim cov suab thaj dawb huv feem ntau yuav tsum tau affination los yog ntxuav, melting, ntxiv clarification thiab decolorization, lwm crystallization, centrifugation, ziab thiab txias. Qee qhov chaw koom ua ke cov haujlwm no; lwm tus xa cov qab zib nyoos mus rau ib qho chaw ua haujlwm cais. Codex txhais tau hais tias raw cane qab zib raws li ib feem purified sucrose crystallized los ntawm ib nrab purified cane kua txiv, nrog crystals npog los ntawm ib tug molasses zaj duab xis, thaum dawb thiab cog los yog zeb dawb qab zib muaj lawv tus kheej thiab purity kev cai.[7]

Peeled sugarcane sticks with pale and purple rind sections inside clear packs

7. Qhuav, txias, tshuaj ntsuam thiab khaws cov qab zib

Freshly cais crystals khaws cov dej noo thiab cua sov. Kev ziab kom qhuav tshem tawm cov dej ntws txaus kom ua tau raws li lub hom phiaj thiab txhawb nqa kev khiav, kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thiab khaws cia. Cov cua txias tseem ceeb vim tias cov suab thaj sov tuaj yeem tsim kev ya raws los yog caking thaum muaj xwm txheej hloov hauv lub silo lossis pob. Cov ntxaij vab tshaus tom qab ntawd tswj cov khoom lag luam me me thiab cais cov loj loj lossis cov feem zoo raws li qhov chaw ua haujlwm tshiab. Cov khoom yuav tsum tau coj mus kuaj tom qab lub xeev sawv cev los ntawm cov specification, tsis yog thaum nws tseem hloov.

Kev ziab thiab kev xa khoom kuj qhia txog kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lub Tuam Txhab Nyiaj Txiag Thoob Ntiaj Teb cov suab thaj- kev taw qhia kev tsim khoom txheeb xyuas cov plua plav, hluav taws kub thiab tawg phom sij raws li qhov cuam tshuam rau cov piam thaj kom qhuav, khaws cia thiab tuav, nrog rau cov khoom siv thiab kub - phom sij.[6]Cog tsim thiab cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau sau cov plua plav, ignition tswj, tsim nyog tsev tu, saib xyuas thiab tu kom tsim nyog rau lub installation tiag tiag. Daim ntawv qhia zaub mov tsis hloov qhov kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb engineering.

Kev lees txais yuav suav nrog cov khoom kub, noo noo, xim, Pol, tshauv, particle-loj faib, txawv teb chaws teeb meem, ntws tus cwj pwm, ntim kev ncaj ncees thiab traceability. Qab Zib Kev Tshawb Fawb Australia teev cov polarisation, noo noo, tshauv, xim, filterability, nplua nplej, hmoov txhuv nplej siab, dextran thiab kub ntawm raw-qab zib zoo nyob rau hauv nws Australian kev taw qhia kev lag luam.[3]Daim ntawv teev npe no yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, tsis yog kev yuav khoom tsis siv neeg. Txoj kev, txwv, zaus, qauv qauv thiab txoj cai tsis sib haum xeeb tseem xav tau kev pom zoo.

Tsim kom muaj nuj nqis uas tuaj yeem nrhiav qhov poob

Lub Hoobkas rov qab tsis tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas los ntawm tonnes ntawm cane thiab tonnes ntawm qab zib ib leeg. Pib nrog lub qhov rais lub sij hawm uas tau teev tseg thiab rov kho cov khoom hloov pauv. Sau cov cane loj thiab nws tau txais sucrose lossis Pol hauv paus; mix-kua txiv loj thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg; bagasse loj, noo noo thiab residual qab zib; clarification av nkos los yog lim- ncuav mog qab zib poob; syrup ntws thiab tsom xam; qab zib ntws rov qab ntawm cov theem boiling; kawg-molasses loj thiab tsom xam; raw- qab zib loj, Pol thiab noo noo; thiab ib qho kev ntsuas qhov nchuav, ntxuav lossis tawm -spec rework. LSU AgCenter's zeb- qauv kev sib tham qhia txog Brix, Pol, purity, xim thiab huab hwm coj / ntws cov ntaub ntawv raws li cov khoom siv rau kev txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem muaj txiaj ntsig.[4]

Siv tib lub hauv paus hauv tus lej thiab tus lej. Daim duab ntub dej -tonne bagasse tsis tuaj yeem piv ncaj qha nrog cov khib nyiab qhuav, thiab Brix tsis tuaj yeem ntsiag to hloov sucrose. Pol yog ib qho kev ntsuas kho qhov muag nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev hais, tsis yog lub ntsiab lus dav dav rau kev ntsuas tshuaj sucrose. XMSD qhia rauqab zib tus nqi, Brix thiab rov qabpiav qhia txog yuav ua li cas cov khoom lag luam zoo thiab cov txiaj ntsig siv tau cuam tshuam rau kev yuav khoom. Nyob rau hauv lub Hoobkas, tib txoj kev qhuab qhia cia koj paub qhov txawv extraction poob los ntawm boiling -tsev poob.

    Piv txwv ua haujlwm:1,000-tonne sucrose tshuav nyiaj li cas.

Xav tias 1,000 tonnes ntawm cane muaj 14.0 feem pua ​​​​sucrose nyob rau hauv kev xaiv analytical hauv paus. Sucrose nkag yog 140.0 tonnes. Xav tias qhov chaw rho tawm hloov 95 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov sucrose mus rau hauv cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo:140.0 × 0.95=133.0 tons. Lub assumed rho tawm - theem sib txawv yog 7.0 tonnes.

Yog tias lub tsev boiling rov qab tau 88 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov sucrose rho tawm hauv cov muaju, sucrose hauv cov khoom siv lead ua yog133.0 × 0.88=117.04 tons. Yog tias qhov kawg raw qab zib ntsuas 98.0 feem pua ​​sucrose, cov khoom loj yog117,04 ÷ 0.98=119.43 tonnes.

Qhov seem 22.96 tonnes ntawm sucrose- sib npaug tsis tau txais ib qho poob. Nyob rau hauv ib tug tiag tiag tshuav nyiaj li cas nws yuav tsum tau faib ntawm bagasse, lim ncuav mog qab zib, molasses zaum kawg, khaws cia cov txheej txheem, ntxuav, nchuav thiab ntsuas qhov sib txawv. Cov 14, 95, 88 thiab 98 feem pua ​​​​cov duab yog cov kev xav, tsis yog kev lees paub lossis XMSD cov ntaub ntawv tsim tawm. Lawv lub hom phiaj yog los qhia tias vim li cas qhov kev thov rov qab xav tau ib thaj tsam thiab kev soj ntsuam.

Carton, truck and container graphics illustrating shipment and lot-document handoffs

Siv cov ntsiab lus tswj uas piav qhia qhov laj thawj thiab qhov tshwm sim

Ib qho kev qhia tshwj xeeb qhia koj seb cov zis puas tau txais. Ib txoj kev tswj xyuas qhia koj saib qhov twg thaum nws tsis yog. Cov kev tswj tau zoo tshaj plaws txuas rau kev tawm tswv yim, kev ua haujlwm hauv chav tsev thiab cov dej ntws tawm. High bagasse Pol ntsiab lus rau kev npaj, rho tawm siab, imbibition los yog sampling. High clarified - kua txiv turbidity ntsiab lus rau kev tshuaj ntsuam, chemistry, kub, flocculation, teeb meem los yog pom. Tsis ruaj khov phoov Brix cov ntsiab lus rau pub, chav, nqus tsev, cua sov- hloov lossis ntsuas teeb meem. Fine grain ntsiab lus rau cov noob zoo, supersaturation tswj, ncig los yog lub lauj kaub ua haujlwm. Cov piam thaj ntau cov ntsiab lus mus rau qhov mob centrifuge, lub luag haujlwm tshuab ziab khaub ncaws, cua txias lossis ib puag ncig raug.

Tswj taw tes Sau ua ke Vim li cas ib tus lej tsis txaus
Cane tau txais Qhov hnyav, ntau, lub sij hawm sau, cov teeb meem extraneous, Brix / Pol lossis sucrose hauv paus Sweetness los yog tsos tsis tsim kom muaj qab zib
Kev rho tawm Mixed - kua txiv ntws thiab tsom xam, bagasse mass, noo noo thiab residual qab zib, imbibition Tsawg bagasse Pol tej zaum yuav yuav nrog ntau dilution
Kev qhia meej pH, kub, turbidity, av khib nyiab, lim rov qab, qab zib poob Ntshiab- saib cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo tseem tuaj yeem nqa cov kua qab zib uas tsis muaj qab zib los yog zais zais
Evaporation Flow, inlet / outlet Brix, siab, kub, chav, condensate checks Qhov hluav taws xob Brix ib leeg tsis tuaj yeem nthuav tawm kev nkag lossis nqi zog
Lub lauj kaub thiab centrifuge Supersaturation, noob, siv lead ua loj, massecuite purity, ntxuav, khoom Pol / xim / moisture Cov xim zoo dua tuaj yeem nrog yaj - qab zib poob
Cov khoom kawg Tus kheej, txoj kev, Pol / sucrose, noo noo, xim, tshauv, grain loj, kub, ntau Daim ntawv lo "raw" lossis "dawb" tsis yog txoj cai lees paub

Cov kab kos duab sib txawv thiab qhov sib npaug kuj xav tau kev ua piv txwv synchronized. Cane nkag tam sim no yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau qab zib tawm tam sim no vim tias tso tsheb hlau luam, evaporators, lauj kaub, crystallizers thiab silos tuav cov khoom muag. Txhais qhov chaw nyob -lub sij hawm los yog phiaj xwm lub qhov rais thiab hais seb qhov nyiaj tshuav yog txhua hnub, hloov -raws li lossis ntau-raws li. Reconcile pib thiab xaus cov khoom muag. Txwv tsis pub, kev hloov pauv hauv qib tank tuaj yeem zoo li cov txheej txheem nce lossis poob.

Sau cov ntaub ntawv tso tawm ua ntej sib piv cov neeg muab khoom

"Sugar extracted from cane" tuaj yeem xa mus rau cov qab zib nyoos, cog qoob loo lossis zeb dawb qab zib, ua kom qab zib dawb, kua nruab nrab lossis ib qho hauv - cov kua qab zib. Sau npe cov khoom ntiag tug thiab lub xeev kev kho mob ua ntej. Tom qab ntawd txhais lub hauv paus analytical thiab txoj kev rau sucrose los yog Pol, ya raws, xim, tshauv, txo suab thaj qhov twg muaj feem xyuam, particle- loj tis, txawv teb chaws teeb meem, microbiological cov txheej txheem uas daim ntawv thov thiab txoj cai xav kom lawv, ntim, net hnyav, ntau coding, cia thiab thauj tej yam kev mob. Codex muab kev qhia txog tus kheej thiab cov txheej txheem rau ntau hom qab zib, tab sis koj cov txheej txheem yuav xav tau nruj dua lossis ntxiv kev txwv kev lag luam.[7]

Qhia meej txog txoj kev xeem thiab qhov twg coj mus kuaj. "Moisture hauv qab X" tsis tiav yam tsis muaj txoj hauv kev, ntau thiab qauv qauv. Cov qhabnias xim nyob ntawm tus txheej txheem uas tau hais tseg thiab tshaj tawm cov lus pom zoo. Cov qoob loo- qhov kev lees paub qhov loj me xav tau qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm sieve, cumulative los yog khaws cia hauv paus thiab tso cai kam rau ua. Daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas yuav tsum txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb ntau thiab cov txheej txheem; daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv raug yuav tsum tau sau npe raws li tus qauv. Pom zoo yuav siv qhov chaw kuaj thiab cov qauv khaws cia yog tias cov txiaj ntsig sib txawv.

Cov txheej txheem ntws kuj zoo li hloov tswj. Ntau hom kab ntoo tshiab, kev sau ntev dua- mus rau- ntu ntu ntu, tshem tawm- dej teeb tsa, kev pab qhia meej, kev ntxuav cov evaporator, cov noob slurry, boiling scheme, centrifuge ntxuav lossis tshuab ziab khaub ncaws tuaj yeem hloov cov zis. Lub xeev cov kev hloov pauv yuav tsum tau ceeb toom, siv tau lossis koj qhov kev pom zoo. XMSDzaub mov- ua daim ntawv thov txheej txheem txheej txheemyog qhov pib ntawm kev sib tham txog yuav ua li cas cov khoom siv yuav raug siv thiab tshuaj xyuas; qhov kev yuav khoom tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tseem muaj cov ntsiab lus lees paub.

Cov Lus Nug Feem Ntau Txog Cane Qab Zib Extraction

Puas yog cov piam thaj ntxiv rau cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thaum lub sijhawm rho tawm?

Lub sucrose tau rov qab los twb muaj nyob rau hauv lub pas nrig. Cov txheej txheem cais thiab ntxuav nws. Dej yog siv rau imbibition los yog diffusion; txiv qaub thiab lwm yam khoom siv tau tso cai tuaj yeem siv los piav qhia raws li cov qauv cog thiab cov cai siv. Seeding qhia txog cov muaju los tswj cov crystallization, tab sis nws tsis tsim cov sucrose uas nyob hauv cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

Puas yog cov kua dej npau npau ncaj qha ua cov suab thaj dawb huv?

Tsis yog. Evaporation concentrates kua txiv, thaum tswj crystallization thiab centrifugation rov qab muaju. Cov qab zib nyoos feem ntau xav tau kev ua kom zoo dua ntxiv -feem ntau affination, melting, clarification, decolorization, recrystallization, centrifugation, ziab thiab txias- los ua cov khoom dawb refined. Ib lub zeb nyoos thiab lub tshuab ua kom zoo tuaj yeem ua ke lossis sib cais.

Puas yog milling ib txwm zoo dua li diffusion?

Tsis muaj lus teb universal siv. Milling siv staged mechanical qhia nrog imbibition; diffusion siv countercurrent ntxuav thiab ces dewaters lub fiber. Sib piv tag nrho kev rov qab los, kev npaj yuav tsum, dej thiab chav sib npaug, lub zog, kev saib xyuas, kev cog qoob loo thiab qhov yuav tsum tau muaj bagasse mob rau qhov chaw tiag.

Koj puas tuaj yeem suav cov piam thaj tawm los ntawm daim duab ntawm cane?

Tsis yog. Ib daim duab tuaj yeem pab txheeb xyuas daim ntawv ntawm lub cev, pom qhov mob thiab ntim khoom, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim Brix, sucrose, Pol, purity, extraction recovery los yog tiav lawm - qab zib yield. Siv tus qauv qauv tsim qauv, cov txheej txheem uas tau hais tseg, ntsuas qhov loj ntawm cov dej ntws thiab cov ciam teb rov qab los.

Ib Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb

  1. Txhais tus ciam teb.Puas yog cov lus nug txog kev rho tawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nyoos- qab zib rov qab, ua kom zoo, lossis tag nrho cov cane-rau- muag tau- qab zib rov qab?
  2. Txheeb xyuas cov pov thawj tuaj.Match cane luj, ntau, sau lub sij hawm, extraneous teeb meem thiab txais sucrose los yog Pol hauv paus.
  3. Daim ntawv qhia txhua qhov dej loj.Xws li cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo sib xyaw, bagasse, av nkos lossis lim ncuav mog qab zib, syrup, rov ua dua cov kwj deg, molasses, condensate, qab zib thiab cov khoom hloov pauv.
  4. Cais cov concentration ntawm purity.Brix taug qab soluble solids; nws tsis yog los ntawm nws tus kheej lub xeev cov ntsiab lus sucrose lossis qib khoom.
  5. Pair yield nrog zoo.Rov qab rov qab nrog Pol lossis sucrose, xim, tshauv, noo noo thiab grain loj.
  6. Ua qhov kev xav pom.Lub xeev txoj kev tshuaj xyuas, cov ntsiab lus piv txwv, cov qauv kev suav, lub sijhawm lub qhov rais thiab kev kho cov kwj deg.
  7. Sau cov ntaub ntawv tso tawm.Tsis txhob hloov cov khoom nyoos, zeb dawb thiab cov qab zib ua kom zoo yam tsis muaj lub npe hu ua tus qauv thiab pom zoo txwv.
  8. Tswj kev tuav pov hwm.Txhais kev ua kom txias, khaws cia, ntim, coding ntau, thauj thiab hloov- cov cai ceeb toom.

XMSD cov khoom qab zib uas tau teev tseg yog ib qho tshiab tshiab - cane format, tsis yog ib qho kev thov tias XMSD ua haujlwm raw -sugar mills lossis khoom siv rau txhua qib qab zib. Yog tias koj qhov kev xav tau yog lub cev cane rau qhov kev pab cuam zaub mov, tshuaj xyuas qhovpeeled tshiab qab zib hom khoom. Qhia tawm daim ntawv thov npaj, txiav, ntim, kom muaj nuj nqis, lo lus uas peb thiab cov ntaub ntawv xav tau kom peb tuaj yeem tshuaj xyuas seb qhov kev thov haum rau txoj hauv kev muaj.

    Sib tham txog qhov yuav tsum tau cane.Xa koj cov khoom daim ntawv, lo lus uas peb, kom muaj nuj nqis, specification, pob, qauv npaj thiab cov ntaub ntawv xav tau los ntawm lubXMSD contact page. Peb yuav tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tawm tsam qhov cuam tshuam tshiab - cov khoom lag luam cane scope es tsis xav tias cov lus piav qhia dav dav yog cov khoom lav.

Cov ntaub ntawv

  1. US Environmental Protection Agency.AP-42, Ntu 9.10.1.1: Kev Ua Qab Zib Qab Zib.
  2. South African Sugarcane Research Institute.Qab Zib Manufacturing.
  3. Sugar Research Australia.Sugarcane Advisor Information Kit.
  4. NWS AgCenter.Kev tsim cov qauv simulation los txhawb Louisiana Qab Zib Mills.
  5. NWS AgCenter.Crystal Size Distribution in a Sugar Mill.
  6. International Finance Corporation.Environmental, Health, thiab Safety Guidelines for Sugar Manufacturing.
  7. Codex Alimentarius.Txheem rau Qab Zib, CXS 212-1999, hloov kho 2022.